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Pseudocode. In computer science, pseudocode is a description of the steps in an algorithm using a mix of conventions of programming languages (like assignment operator, conditional operator, loop) with informal, usually self-explanatory, notation of actions and conditions. [ 1 ][ 2 ] Although pseudocode shares features with regular programming ...
ROT13 (Rotate13, " rotate by 13 places ", sometimes hyphenated ROT-13) is a simple letter substitution cipher that replaces a letter with the 13th letter after it in the Latin alphabet. ROT13 is a special case of the Caesar cipher which was developed in ancient Rome. Because there are 26 letters (2×13) in the basic Latin alphabet, ROT13 is its ...
Correctness (computer science) In theoretical computer science, an algorithm is correct with respect to a specification if it behaves as specified. Best explored is functional correctness, which refers to the input-output behavior of the algorithm: for each input it produces an output satisfying the specification. [1]
Luhn algorithm. The Luhn algorithm or Luhn formula, also known as the " modulus 10" or "mod 10" algorithm, named after its creator, IBM scientist Hans Peter Luhn, is a simple check digit formula used to validate a variety of identification numbers. It is described in US patent 2950048A, granted on 23 August 1960. [1]
Solution of a travelling salesman problem: the black line shows the shortest possible loop that connects every red dot. In the theory of computational complexity, the travelling salesman problem (TSP) asks the following question: "Given a list of cities and the distances between each pair of cities, what is the shortest possible route that visits each city exactly once and returns to the ...
Playfair cipher. The Playfair cipher uses a 5×5 grid of letters, and encrypts a message by breaking the text into pairs of letters and swapping them according to their positions in a rectangle within that grid: "HI" becomes "BM". The Playfair cipher or Playfair square or Wheatstone–Playfair cipher is a manual symmetric encryption technique ...
Tabu search (TS) is a metaheuristic search method employing local search methods used for mathematical optimization. It was created by Fred W. Glover in 1986 [1] and formalized in 1989. [2][3] Local (neighborhood) searches take a potential solution to a problem and check its immediate neighbors (that is, solutions that are similar except for ...
The algorithm can be written in pseudocode as follows: algorithm lucas_primality_test is input: n > 2, an odd integer to be tested for primality. k, a parameter that determines the accuracy of the test. output: prime if n is prime, otherwise composite or possibly composite. determine the prime factors of n−1.