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Fire arrows are the predecessors of fire lances, the first firearm. [1] Later rockets utilizing gunpowder were used to provide arrows with propulsive force and the term fire arrow became synonymous with rockets in the Chinese language. In other languages such as Sanskrit 'fire arrow' (agni astra) underwent a different semantic shift and became ...
Huo Che (Chinese: 火車) or rocket carts (Chinese: 火箭車) are several types of Chinese multiple rocket launcher developed for firing multiple fire arrows. The name Huo Che first appears in Feng Tian Jing Nan Ji ( Chinese : 奉天靖難紀 ), a historical text covering the Jingnan War (1399 – 1402) of Ming dynasty .
A 'fire dragon rising out of the water' (huo long chu shui) multistage rocket from the Huolongjing. Huolongchushui (simplified Chinese: 火龙出水; traditional Chinese: 火龍出水; pinyin: huǒlóngchūshuǐ [1]; lit. 'fire dragon out of water') were the earliest form of multistage rockets used in post-classical China. The name of the ...
The Huolongjing (traditional Chinese: 火龍經; simplified Chinese: 火龙经; pinyin: Huǒ Lóng Jīng; Wade-Giles: Huo Lung Ching; rendered in English as Fire Drake Manual or Fire Dragon Manual), also known as Huoqitu (“Firearm Illustrations”), is a Chinese military treatise compiled and edited by Jiao Yu and Liu Bowen of the early Ming dynasty (1368–1683) during the 14th century.
The first fire arrows (huǒyào 火藥) were arrows strapped with gunpowder incendiaries, but in 969 two Song generals, Yue Yifang and Feng Jisheng (馮繼升), invented a variant fire arrow which utilized gunpowder tubes as propellants. [2] Afterwards fire arrows started transitioning to rocket propelled weapons rather than being fired from a ...
A Chinese flamethrower. An 'igniter fire ball' and 'barbed fire ball' from the Wujing Zongyao. Prior to the introduction of gunpowder, fire arrows used mineral oil and sulphur as incendiaries. They were most commonly used by defenders to burn enemy siege engines such as ladders and rams.
The Chinese fire arrow was adopted by the Mongols in northern China, who employed Chinese rocketry experts as mercenaries in the Mongol army. Rockets are thought to have spread via the Mongol invasions to other areas of Eurasia in the mid 13th century.
The ammunition, similar to fire arrows used by the ancient Chinese, consisted of a 1.1 m (3 ft 7 in) long arrow with the addition of a gunpowder-filled paper tube attached to the shaft just below the head.