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On the eve of the Great War, [1] Russia was the most populous state in Europe: with 175 million inhabitants, it had almost 3 times the population of Germany, an army of 1.3 million men, and almost 5 million reservists. Its industrial growth, on the order of 5% per year between 1860 and 1913, and the vastness of its territory and natural ...
The Russian military was the largest in the world consisting of 1,400,000 men. They could also mobilize up to 5 million men, but only had 4.6 million rifles to give them. Russian troops were satisfactorily supplied at the beginning of the war, there was more light artillery than France, and no less than Germany. [50] [51]
After the Napoleonic Wars the active Russian Army was maintained at just over 1 million men, which was increased to 1.7 million during the Crimean War. [14] It remained at around this level until the outbreak of World War I, at which point Russia had the largest peacetime standing army in Europe, [15] about 1.3 million. [9]
The Eastern Front, as it was in 1914, with the long-occupied territories of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the top centre.. This article lists Imperial Russian Army formations and units in 1914 prior to the mobilisation for the Russian invasion of Prussia and the offensive into the Austro-Hungarian province of Galicia.
It was established in August 1915 when the Northwestern Front was split into the Northern and Western Front following the Great Retreat, and existed until the demobilization of the Russian army in 1918 due to the unrest from the Russian Revolution. In 1917 it had a total troop strength of 1.4 million men.
While the German army in 1914 was better equipped than any other on a per-person basis, the Russian army lacked sufficient artillery pieces, shells, motorized transports, and boots. [ 29 ] Before the war, Russian planners overlooked the critical logistical challenge of how the Allies could transport supplies and munitions to Russia.
[40] [41] The Treaty of Brest Litovsk between the Russian SFSR and the Central Powers was signed in early 1918, making peace between the two and ending Russia's involvement in World War I. [40] The Russian Civil War started in 1918 between the Bolshevik Red Army and the right-leaning Whites.
Russian army formations in World War I include: 1st Army; 2nd Army; 3rd Army; 4th Army; 5th Army; 6th Army; 7th Army; 8th Army; 9th Army; 10th Army; 11th Army; 12th Army; 13th Army; Caucasus Army; Dobruja Army; Danube Army; Special Army