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The Mongol conquest of China was a series of major military efforts by the Mongol Empire to conquer various empires ruling over China for 74 years (1205–1279). It spanned over seven decades in the 13th century and involved the defeat of the Jin dynasty , Western Liao , Western Xia , Tibet , the Dali Kingdom , the Southern Song , and the ...
The Mongol conquest of the Jin dynasty, also known as the Mongol–Jin War, was fought between the Mongol Empire and the Jurchen-led Jin dynasty in Manchuria and North China. The war, which started in 1211, lasted over 23 years and ended with the complete conquest of the Jin dynasty by the Mongols in 1234.
Mongol Empire: Kingdom of Qocho: Victory 1211–1234 Mongol conquest of the Jin dynasty: Mongol Empire: Jin dynasty: Victory 1216–1218 Mongol conquest of the Qara Khitai: Mongol Empire: Qara Khitai: Victory 1219–1231 Mongol conquest of the Khwarazmian Empire: Mongol Empire: Khwarazmian Empire: Victory 1218 First Kyrgyz revolt against Mongol ...
The Mongol force which invaded southern China was far greater than the force they sent to invade the Middle East in 1256. [ 17 ] The Yuan dynasty established the top-level government agency Bureau of Buddhist and Tibetan Affairs to govern Tibet , which was conquered by the Mongols and put under Yuan rule .
The Mongols learned that a famine had struck the Jin, [6] and invaded in 1211. [7] Two armies were dispatched by the Mongols into Jin territory, with one under the command of Genghis himself. [8] The Jin built up its armies and reinforced its cities in preparation for the Mongol incursion.
The Mongol conquest of the Song dynasty (or Song–Yuan War) was the final phase of the Mongol conquest of China, beginning under Ögedei Khan (r. 1229–1241) and being completed under Kublai Khan (r. 1260–1294) .
However, when Genghis invaded the Islamic Khwarazmian Empire in 1219, the Western Xia attempted to break away from Mongol vassalage and form alliances with the Jin and Song dynasties. Angered by the betrayal of the Western Xia, Genghis Khan began a second campaign against them, sending a punitive expedition into Western Xia in 1225.
Mongol cavalry figurine, Yuan dynasty During the Mongol invasions and conquests, which began under Genghis Khan in 1206–1207, the Mongol army conquered most of continental Asia, including parts of the Middle East, and parts of Eastern Europe, with further (albeit eventually unsuccessful) military expeditions to various other regions including Japan, Indonesia and India.