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The gas layers of the troposphere are less dense at the geographic poles and denser at the equator, where the average height of the tropical troposphere is 13 km, approximately 7.0 km greater than the 6.0 km average height of the polar troposphere at the geographic poles; therefore, surplus heating and vertical expansion of the troposphere ...
The troposphere is the lowest layer of the Earth's atmosphere; it starts at the planetary boundary layer, and is the layer in which most weather phenomena occur. The troposphere contains the boundary layer, and ranges in height from an average of 9 km (5.6 mi; 30,000 ft) at the poles, to 17 km (11 mi; 56,000 ft) at the Equator.
The troposphere is denser than all its overlying layers because a larger atmospheric weight sits on top of the troposphere and causes it to be most severely compressed. Fifty percent of the total mass of the atmosphere is located in the lower 5.6 km (3.5 mi; 18,000 ft) of the troposphere.
Also sometimes called Mammatus, consisting of bubble-like protrusions on the underside caused by localized downdrafts. Arcus (including roll and shelf clouds) Low, horizontal cloud formation associated with the leading edge of thunderstorm outflow. Tuba Column hanging from the cloud base which can develop into a funnel cloud or tornado. [13]
About 90% of total ozone in the atmosphere is in the stratosphere, and 10% is in the troposphere. [5] Although ground-level ozone is less concentrated than stratospheric ozone, it is of concern because of its health effects. [6] Ozone in the troposphere is considered a greenhouse gas, and as such contribute to global warming.
The transport of heat in the Hadley circulation's ascending branch is accomplished most efficiently by hot towers – cumulonimbus clouds bearing strong updrafts that do not mix in drier air commonly found in the middle troposphere and thus allow the movement of air from the highly moist tropical lower troposphere into the upper troposphere ...
Cloud physics is the study of the physical processes that lead to the formation, growth and precipitation of atmospheric clouds. These aerosols are found in the troposphere, stratosphere, and mesosphere, which collectively make up the greatest part of the homosphere.
[100] [180] [97] [181] Microorganisms might undergo a selection process during their way up into the troposphere and the stratosphere. [182] [6] Subject to gravity, aerosols (or particulate matter) as well as bioaerosols become concentrated in the lower part of the troposphere that is called the planetary boundary layer.