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Insulitis is present in 19% of individuals with type 1 diabetes and 28% of individuals with type 2 diabetes. [1] [8] [9] It is known that genetic and environmental factors contribute to insulitis initiation, however, the exact process that causes it is unknown. [10] Insulitis is often studied using the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse model of ...
Aldosterone is the main mineralocorticoid steroid hormone produced by the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex in the adrenal gland. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] It is essential for sodium conservation in the kidney, salivary glands, sweat glands, and colon. [ 6 ]
[4] [5] Aldosterone is largely responsible for the long-term regulation of blood pressure. [6] Aldosterone's effects are on the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct of the kidney where it causes increased reabsorption of sodium and increased excretion of both potassium (by principal cells) and hydrogen ions (by intercalated cells of the ...
Glucocorticoid remediable aldosteronism also describable as aldosterone synthase hyperactivity, is an autosomal dominant disorder in which the increase in aldosterone secretion produced by ACTH is no longer transient. It is a cause of primary hyperaldosteronism. [1]
The most common cause of endogenous Cushing's syndrome is a pituitary adenoma which causes an excessive production of ACTH. The disease produces a wide variety of signs and symptoms which include obesity, diabetes, increased blood pressure, excessive body hair ( hirsutism ), osteoporosis , depression, and most distinctively, stretch marks in ...
Type 1 diabetes, also known as "juvenile-onset" diabetes is increasing in children and adolescents under the age of 15. [132] Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease where the body attacks the beta-cells produced by the pancreas; therefore, causing the body to have insulin deficiency. [133]
In humans and other animals, the adrenocortical hormones are hormones produced by the adrenal cortex, the outer region of the adrenal gland.These polycyclic steroid hormones have a variety of roles that are crucial for the body's response to stress (for example, the fight-or-flight response), and they also regulate other functions in the body.
Endocrine disease is characterized by irregulated hormone release (a productive pituitary adenoma), inappropriate response to signalling (hypothyroidism), lack of a gland (diabetes mellitus type 1, diminished erythropoiesis in chronic kidney failure), or structural enlargement in a critical site such as the thyroid (toxic multinodular goitre).