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  2. Climate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate

    Climate (from Ancient Greek κλίμα 'inclination') is commonly defined as the weather averaged over a long period. [9] The standard averaging period is 30 years, [10] but other periods may be used depending on the purpose. Climate also includes statistics other than the average, such as the magnitudes of day-to-day or year-to-year variations.

  3. Climate: Long range Investigation, Mapping, and Prediction

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate:_Long_range...

    CLIMAP map of ice sheets, sea temperature changes, and changes in the outline of coastal regions during the last glacial. Climate: Long range Investigation, Mapping, and Prediction, known as CLIMAP, was a major research project of the 1970s and 80s to produce a map of climate conditions during the Last Glacial Maximum.

  4. Geographical zone - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographical_zone

    Although Aristotle's map was oversimplified, the general idea was correct. Today, the most commonly used climate map is the Köppen climate classification , developed by Russian climatologist of German descent and amateur botanist Wladimir Köppen (1846–1940), which divides the world into five major climate regions, based on average annual ...

  5. Climate system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_system

    The five components of the climate system all interact. They are the atmosphere, the hydrosphere, the cryosphere, the lithosphere and the biosphere. [1]: 1451 Earth's climate system is a complex system with five interacting components: the atmosphere (air), the hydrosphere (water), the cryosphere (ice and permafrost), the lithosphere (earth's upper rocky layer) and the biosphere (living things).

  6. Climate change - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change

    Climate change can also be used more broadly to include changes to the climate that have happened throughout Earth's history. [32] Global warming—used as early as 1975 [33] —became the more popular term after NASA climate scientist James Hansen used it in his 1988 testimony in the U.S. Senate. [34] Since the 2000s, climate change has ...

  7. Climatology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climatology

    Climatology (from Greek κλίμα, klima, "slope"; and -λογία, -logia) or climate science is the scientific study of Earth's climate, typically defined as weather conditions averaged over a period of at least 30 years. [1]

  8. Five themes of geography - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Five_themes_of_geography

    Map projections are used to represent the three-dimensional Earth on a two-dimensional map. The Earth's position relative to the Sun affects climate , seasons , and time zones . [ 1 ] Location as a theme helps teachers to demonstrate to students that observers have to know and be able to explain where something is before it can be examined ...

  9. Köppen climate classification - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Köppen_climate_classification

    The Köppen climate classification divides Earth climates into five main climate groups, with each group being divided based on patterns of seasonal precipitation and temperature. The five main groups are A (tropical), B (arid), C (temperate), D (continental), and E (polar).