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The script is used in Pakistan today, albeit unlike most other native languages of Pakistan, the Naskh style is more common for Sindhi writing than the Nasta'liq style. It has a total of 52 letters, augmenting the Urdu with digraphs and eighteen new letters ( ڄ ٺ ٽ ٿ ڀ ٻ ڙ ڍ ڊ ڏ ڌ ڇ ڃ ڦ ڻ ڱ ڳ ڪ ) for sounds particular to ...
There is a literary tradition based on Peshawari, [6] the urban variety of Peshawar in the northwest, and another one based on the language of Abbottabad in the northeast. [7] In the 2017 census of Pakistan, 5.1 million people declared their language to be Hindko, [1] while a 2020 estimate placed the number of speakers at 7 million. [2]
Majhi (Shahmukhi: ماجھی; Gurmukhi: ਮਾਝੀ; Punjabi: [mä˦d̆.d͡ʒi˨] [1]), also known as Central Punjabi, is the most widely-spoken dialect of the Punjabi language, [2] natively spoken in the Majha region of Punjab in present-day Pakistan and India. The dialect forms the basis of Standard Punjabi.
Punjabi may also be considered as a pluricentric language with more than one standard variety. [9] Map of dialects of Punjabi dialects and languages. Punjabi is a language spoken primarily in the Punjab region, which is divided between India and Pakistan. It is also spoken by Punjabi diaspora communities around the world.
The Indo-Aryan languages, or sometimes Indic languages, [a] are a branch of the Indo-Iranian languages in the Indo-European language family. As of 2024, there are more than 1.5 billion speakers, primarily concentrated east of the Indus river in Bangladesh , North India , Eastern Pakistan , Sri Lanka , Maldives and Nepal . [ 4 ]
On a subregional level, Telugu was a language of high culture in South India in precolonial times, [17] while in modern times, Punjabi and Bengali function as major transnational languages connecting the northwestern and eastern regions of India to Pakistan and Bangladesh, respectively (see also Punjabiyat).
Before the partition of British India, Hindi was spoken in the region forming Pakistan by the Hindus and Sikhs residing there. [4] [5] It was taught across school and university levels, mainly in Punjab and Sindh, [6] such as in Government College, Forman Christian College, Dyal Singh College, and Karachi University. [3]
Lahnda includes the following dialects: Saraiki (spoken mostly in southern Pakistani Punjab by about 26 million people), the Jatki dialects (referred to as Punjabi by their ~50 million speakers, [6] spoken in the Bar region of Punjab) i.e. Jhangvi, Shahpuri and Dhanni, the diverse varieties of Hindko (with almost five million speakers in north ...