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The division of Union and Confederate states during the American Civil War, which lasted from 1861 to 1865. In the context of the American Civil War, the Union, or the United States, is sometimes referred to as "the North", both then and now, as opposed to the Confederacy, which was often called "the South".
The successful 1863 Union siege of Vicksburg split the Confederacy in two at the Mississippi River, while Confederate general Robert E. Lee's incursion north failed at the Battle of Gettysburg. Western successes led to General Ulysses S. Grant 's command of all Union armies in 1864.
The main prewar agricultural products of the Confederate States were cotton, tobacco, and sugarcane, with hogs, cattle, grain and vegetable plots. Pre-war agricultural production estimated for the Southern states is as follows (Union states in parentheses for comparison): 1.7 million horses (3.4 million), 800,000 mules (100,000), 2.7 million dairy cows (5 million), 5 million sheep (14 million ...
Eleven Southern slave states declared their secession from the United States and formed the Confederate States of America, also known as "the Confederacy." Led by Jefferson Davis , the Confederacy fought against the United States (the Union ), which was supported by all the free states (where slavery had been abolished) and by five slave states ...
The Confederacy arrested pro-Union civilians in the South at about the same rate as the Union arrested pro-Confederate civilians in the North. [209] Neely argues: The Confederate citizen was not any freer than the Union citizen – and perhaps no less likely to be arrested by military authorities.
Confederate Colonel John Stith Pemberton, the inventor of Coca-Cola, was wounded in this battle, which resulted in his obsession with pain-killing formulas, ultimately ending in the recipe for his celebrated drink. The first major stage in the peacemaking process was Lee's surrender at Appomattox on April 9, 1865. [10]
By one calculation Upham's notes made up between 1 and 2.5 percent of all of the Confederate money supply between June 1862 and August 1863. [7] Jefferson Davis placed a $10,000 bounty on Upham, though the "Yankee Scoundrel", as he was known in the South, evaded capture by Southern agents. [3]
The War of the Rebellion: a Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies and The War of the Rebellion: a Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies (including the full Atlas), U.S. Government Printing Office, 1880–1901. 70 volumes of letters and reports written by both armies in 128 parts.