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The word was used by the Ottomans in Rumelia in its general meaning of mountain, as in Kod̲j̲a-Balkan, Čatal-Balkan, and Ungurus-Balkani̊, but it was especially applied to the Haemus mountain. [21] [22] The name is still preserved in Central Asia with the Balkan Daglary (Balkan Mountains) [23] and the Balkan Region of Turkmenistan.
The History of the Balkan Peninsula; From the Earliest Times to the Present Day (1966) Stanković, Vlada, ed. (2016). The Balkans and the Byzantine World before and after the Captures of Constantinople, 1204 and 1453. Lexington Books. ISBN 978-1-4985-1326-5. Stavrianos, L.S. The Balkans Since 1453 (1958), major scholarly history; online free to ...
Coined in the early 20th century, the term "Balkanization" traces its origins to the depiction of events during the Balkan Wars (1912–1913) and the First World War (1914–1918). It did not emerge during the gradual secession of Balkan nations from the Ottoman Empire over the 19th century, but was coined at the end of the First World War.
War in the Balkans: An Encyclopedic History from the Fall of the Ottoman Empire to the Breakup of Yugoslavia. Hoare, Marko Attila (2007). The History of Bosnia: From the Middle Ages to the Present Day. Saqi. ISBN 978-0-8635-6953-1. Markus Koller; Kemal H. Karpat (2004). Ottoman Bosnia: A History in Peril. University of Wisconsin Press.
Аԥсшәа; العربية; Azərbaycanca; تۆرکجه; বাংলা; Башҡортса; Беларуская; Беларуская (тарашкевіца)
In diplomatic history, the Eastern question was the issue of the political and economic instability in the Ottoman Empire from the late 18th to early 20th centuries and the subsequent strategic competition and political considerations of the European great powers in light of this.
For some 10 million years until the end of the Eocene, Balkanatolia was an island continent or a series of islands, separate from Asia and also from Western Europe. The area now comprises approximately the modern Balkans and Anatolia. Fossil mammals from this area are distinct from the mammal fauna of either western Europe or Asia.
[1] [2] They were among the oldest Balkan peoples, and their society was very complex. [3] The Dardani were the most stable and conservative ethnic element among the peoples of the central Balkans, retaining an enduring presence in the region for several centuries. [4] [5] Ancient tradition considered the Dardani as an Illyrian people.