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Thompson showed signs of improved health and went on to live 13 more years taking doses of insulin, before dying of pneumonia at age 26. [3] [4] Until insulin was made clinically available, a diagnosis of type 1 diabetes was a death sentence, more or less quickly (usually within months, and frequently within weeks or days). [5] [6]
In 1991, International Diabetes Federation and World Health Organization (WHO) made his birthday the World Diabetes Day. On November 14, 2016, Google celebrated his 125th birthday with a Google Doodle. [87] 2021 marks the centenary of Dr. Banting's co-discovery of insulin at the University of Toronto. Canada Post issued a commemorative stamp. [88]
Protamine insulin was first created in 1936 and NPH insulin in 1946. [1] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. [4] NPH is an abbreviation for "neutral protamine Hagedorn". [1] In 2020, insulin isophane was the 221st most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 2 million prescriptions.
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Roughly 8.4 million people in the United States control their blood sugar levels with insulin, and more than 1 million have Type 1 diabetes and could die without regular access to it.
The Open Insulin Project was started in 2015 by Anthony Di Franco, himself a type 1 diabetic. [5] He started the project in response to the unreasonably high prices of insulin in the US. The project has been housed in Counter Culture Labs , a community laboratory and makerspace in the Bay Area. [ 6 ]
The prototype of smart insulin patch "was demonstrated as a continuous glucose control in a type 1 diabetic mouse model. [1] [2] [3] As of 2019, glucose-responsive insulin patches are becoming more common. [4] In 2020, scientists at UCLA and Zenomics Inc. developed "Smart Insulin Patch 2.0" and validated its feasibility in a diabetic minipig ...