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The Mason–Dixon line is a demarcation line separating four U.S. states: Pennsylvania, Maryland, Delaware and West Virginia. It was surveyed between 1763 and 1767 by Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon as part of the resolution of a border dispute involving Maryland, Pennsylvania, and Delaware in the colonial United States. [1]
An 1836 map of Pennsylvania's counties. The Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) code, used by the U.S. government to uniquely identify counties, is provided with each entry. FIPS codes are five-digit numbers; for Pennsylvania the codes start with 42 and are completed with the three-digit county code.
The Twelve-Mile Circle Diagram of the Twelve-Mile Circle, the Mason-Dixon Line, and The Wedge. The diagram shows the survey lines involved in the disputes, not current borders. The Twelve-Mile Circle is an approximately circular arc that forms most of the boundary between Delaware and Pennsylvania. It is a combination of different circular arcs ...
Even though the Wedge is outside the Twelve-Mile Circle, because it is south of the 39° 43′ N compromise line, it should not be part of Pennsylvania. Mason and Dixon actually began surveying the Maryland–Pennsylvania border line at the Delaware River, or at least fixed the longitude of the intersection of 39° 43′ N and the river.
State Line was originally called Middleburg, and under the latter name laid out in 1812, and named for its location between Greencastle and Hagerstown, Maryland. [3] The present name comes from the fact that the community is located on the Maryland-Pennsylvania state line. [3] A post office called State Line was established in 1830. [4]
The Transpeninsular Line (at approximately 38°27′ N) is a surveyed line, the eastern half of which forms the north–south border between Delaware and Maryland. The border turns roughly north from the midpoint of the line towards the Twelve-Mile Circle , which forms much of the remainder of the Delaware land border.
The front continues to a point north of the Pennsylvania/Maryland boundary where it is offset about 10 miles (16 km) to the east as it changes from the bold escarpment that characterized it west of Altoona to its more gentle rise in Maryland. Across the Mason–Dixon line in Maryland, the front becomes Dans Mountain, west of Cumberland, which ...
After doing additional observation and surveying work, they established the east-west boundary line between Pennsylvania and Maryland. In August 1764, they ran a line from the New Castle Court House to determine the correct tangent point. From September 4–25, they surveyed the north-south line down to the Middle Point Marker. [5] [6]