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The politics of Mongolia takes place in a framework of a parliamentary system with a multi-party representative democracy. [1] While some sources have incorrectly described Mongolia as a semi-presidential system , its 1992 Constitution clearly defines it as a parliamentary republic.
The government is collectively responsible to the State Great Khural and must resign if a motion of no confidence is adopted by the State Great Khural. The State Great Khural determines the structure and composition of the government by submission of Prime Minister. The government is one of the 3 subjects that have the right to initiate laws. [1]
The current Constitution of Mongolia (Mongolian: Монгол Улсын Үндсэн Хууль, romanized: Mongol Ulsyn Ündsen Khuuli, lit. ' Fundamental Law of Mongolia ' ) was adopted on 13 January 1992, put into force on 12 February, with amendments made in 1999, 2000, 2019 [ 2 ] and 2023. [ 3 ]
In 2000, due to budget deficiencies, Mongolian schools were reported to have resorted to child labour to generate income. [15] These problems were finally addressed by the 2002 Education Law, in which the government finally re-centralised educational finance in the form of the 'single treasury' measure.
In its current form, the Cabinet Secretariat was established in 1992 through reorganization of the Secretariat of Government of the Mongolian People's Republic. [1] It is a continuation of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, one of the first five ministries of the Bogd Khanate of Mongolia, established in 1911. [3] [4]
The first constitution was passed by the First National Great Hural on November 26, 1924. [1] It abolished the monarchical system under Buddhist theocracy and established a people's republic, described the legislative consolidation of state power, provided a basic statement of socioeconomic and political rights and freedoms for the people, and espoused a national program that would bypass the ...
The Constitution of Mongolia adopted in 1992 states that the President of Mongolia is the "head of state and embodiment of the unity of the Mongolian people". [1]Mongolia declared its independence from the Qing dynasty during the Mongolian Revolution of 1911, [a] under the Bogd Khan (the 8th Jebtsundamba Khutuktu).
The country of Mongolia is divided into 21 provinces (Mongolian: аймаг, aimag) and the capital (нийслэл, niislel) Ulaanbaatar. [1] [2] Secondary subdivisions outside Ulaanbaatar are called "sum" (сум, often transcribed as soum). In 2006, Mongolia had 331 sums. [3] Sums are further subdivided into bags (баг). While sums always ...