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Lumbar provocative discography (also referred to as "discography" or discogram) is an invasive diagnostic procedure for evaluation for intervertebral disc pathology. It is usually reserved for persons with persistent, severe low back pain (LBP) who have abnormal spaces between vertebrae on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), where other diagnostic tests have failed to reveal clear confirmation ...
The most significant impact of magnetic resonance neurography is on the evaluation of the large proximal nerve elements such as the brachial plexus (the nerves between the cervical spine and the underarm that innervate shoulder, arm and hand), [9] the lumbosacral plexus (nerves between the lumbosacral spine and legs), the sciatic nerve in the pelvis, [10] as well as other nerves such as the ...
Magnetic resonance myelography (MR myelography or MRI myelography) is a noninvasive medical imaging technique that can provide anatomic information about the subarachnoid space. It is a type of MRI examination that uses a contrast medium and magnetic resonance imaging scanner to detect pathology of the spinal cord , including the location of a ...
MRI provides better resolution of tissue density, absence of bone interference, multiplanar capabilities, and is noninvasive. Plain films may show bony erosion of the spinal canal or of the sacral foramina. [citation needed] On MRI pictures, the signal is the same as the CSF one. If MRI made with a contrast medium: [citation needed]
Retrolistheses are most easily diagnosed on lateral x-ray views of the spine. Views where care has been taken to expose for a true lateral view without any rotation offer the best diagnostic quality. Retrolistheses are found most prominently in the cervical spine and lumbar region but can also be seen in the thoracic area.
MRI image shows spinal bleeding (myelomalacia). Myelomalacia is a pathological term referring to the softening of the spinal cord. [ 1 ] Possible causes of myelomalacia include cervical myelopathy , hemorrhagic infarction , or acute injury, such as that caused by intervertebral disc extrusion.
The key to Phase-contrast MRI (PC-MRI) is the use of a bipolar gradient. [4] A bipolar gradient has equal positive and negative magnitudes that are applied for the same time duration. The bipolar gradient in PC-MRI is put in a sequence after RF excitation but before data collection during the echo time of the generic MRI modality.
55% of facet syndrome cases occur in cervical vertebrae, and 31% in lumbar. Spinal osteoarthritis is known as spondylosis. [7] Pathology of the C1-C2 (atlantoaxial) joint, the most mobile of all vertebral segments, accounts for 4% of all spondylosis. [8]