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Instruction stepping or single cycle originally referred to the technique of stopping the processor clock and manually advancing it one cycle at a time. For this to be possible, three things are required: A control that allows the clock to be stopped (e.g. a "Stop" button).
For example, executing CPUID instruction with the EAX register set to '1' on x86 CPUs will result in values being placed in other registers that show the CPU's stepping level. Stepping identifiers commonly comprise a letter followed by a number, for example B2. Usually, the letter indicates the revision level of a CPU's base layers and the ...
An instruction step is a method of executing a computer program one step at a time to determine how it is functioning. This might be to determine if the correct program flow is being followed in the program during the execution or to see if variables are set to their correct values after a single step has completed.
The FLAGS register is the status register that contains the current state of an x86 CPU.The size and meanings of the flag bits are architecture dependent. It usually reflects the result of arithmetic operations as well as information about restrictions placed on the CPU operation at the current time.
The contents of registers and memory locations can be examined; if they are correct, the system can be told to go on and execute the next instruction. The Intel 8086 trap flag and type-1 interrupt response make it quite easy to implement a single-step feature in an 8086-based system. If the trap flag is set, the 8086 will automatically do a ...
This is done by defining a series of state-components, each with a size and offset within a given save area, and each corresponding to a subset of the state needed for one CPU extension or another. The EAX=0Dh CPUID leaf is used to provide information about which state-components the CPU supports and what their sizes/offsets are, so that the OS ...
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The Time Stamp Counter was once a high-resolution, low-overhead way for a program to get CPU timing information. With the advent of multi-core/hyper-threaded CPUs, systems with multiple CPUs, and hibernating operating systems, the TSC cannot be relied upon to provide accurate results — unless great care is taken to correct the possible flaws: rate of tick and whether all cores (processors ...