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A circadian rhythm (/ s ər ˈ k eɪ d i ə n /), or circadian cycle, is a natural oscillation that repeats roughly every 24 hours.Circadian rhythms can refer to any process that originates within an organism (i.e., endogenous) and responds to the environment (is entrained by the environment).
A circadian rhythm is an entrainable, endogenous, biological activity that has a period of roughly twenty-four hours. This internal time-keeping mechanism is centralized in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of humans, and allows for the internal physiological mechanisms underlying sleep and alertness to become synchronized to external environmental cues, like the light-dark cycle. [4]
In vertebrates, the master circadian clock is contained within the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), a bilateral nerve cluster of about 20,000 neurons. [10] [11] The SCN itself is located in the hypothalamus, a small region of the brain situated directly above the optic chiasm, where it receives input from specialized photosensitive ganglion cells in the retina via the retinohypothalamic tract.
Non-24-hour sleep–wake disorder (non-24, [1] N24SWD, [2] or N24) is one of several chronic circadian rhythm sleep disorders (CRSDs). It is defined as a "chronic steady pattern comprising [...] daily delays in sleep onset and wake times in an individual living in a society". [3]
A constant routine protocol is a common method used in human circadian rhythm research to study internally generated, or endogenous, circadian rhythms without the effect of external, or exogenous, influences.
Circadia is an implantable device that sends biometric data wirelessly via Bluetooth to a phone or tablet and is powered through inductive charging. [9] The first ever Circadia implant occurred in October 2013 in Essen, Germany, when body modification artist Steve Haworth implanted the device into Grindhouse co-founder Tim Cannon.
Description: Overview of biological circadian clock in humans. Biological clock affects the daily rhythm of many physiological processes. This diagram depicts the circadian patterns typical of someone who rises early in morning, eats lunch around noon, and sleeps at night (10 p.m.).
New Circadia (adventures in mental spelunking) was an installation at the University of Toronto's John H. Daniels Faculty of Architecture, Landscape, and Design. [1] The installation, which opened on November 7, 2019 and ran through April 2020, was the first exhibition to take place at the Faculty’s Architecture and Design Gallery, located in the lower level of 1 Spadina Crescent. [1]