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In social science, mass communication is related to communication studies, but has its roots in sociology.Mass communication is "the process by which a person, group of people or organization creates a message and transmits it through some type of medium to a large, anonymous, heterogeneous audience."
The communication skills required for successful communication are different for source and receiver. For the source, this includes the ability to express oneself or to encode the message in an accessible way. [8] Communication starts with a specific purpose and encoding skills are necessary to express this purpose in the form of a message.
The model is usually seen as a linear transmission model and was initially formulated specifically for mass communication, like radio, television, and newspapers. Nonetheless, it has been used in other fields, like new media. [75] [79] [83] Many theorists treat it as a universal model applying to any form of communication. It is widely cited as ...
Many studies have repeated this logic in investigating the effects of personal and mass communication, for example in election campaigns [62] and health-related information campaigns. [63] [64] It is not clear whether or how social networking through sites such as Facebook changes this picture.
The two-step flow of communication model hypothesizes that ideas flow from mass media to opinion leaders, and from them to a wider population. It was first introduced by sociologist Paul Lazarsfeld et al. in 1944 [ 4 ] and elaborated by Elihu Katz and Lazarsfeld in 1955 [ 5 ] and subsequent publications. [ 6 ]
For example, empirical studies have found that in Twitter networks, traditional mass media outlets receive 80–90% of their Twitter mentions directly through a direct one-step flow from average Twitter users. [18] However, these same studies also argue that there is a multitude of step-flow models at work in today's digital communication ...
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Mass media or mass communications are examples of non-personal channels since the message is sent to many individuals at one time. Non-personal channels of communication are made up out of two main types, the first being print. Print media includes newspapers, magazines, direct mail, and billboards.