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Chess initial position. The game of chess is commonly divided into three phases: the opening, middlegame, and endgame. [1] There is a large body of theory regarding how the game should be played in each of these phases, especially the opening and endgame.
Constant sum: A game is a constant sum game if the sum of the payoffs to every player are the same for every single set of strategies. In these games, one player gains if and only if another player loses. A constant sum game can be converted into a zero sum game by subtracting a fixed value from all payoffs, leaving their relative order unchanged.
Richard Réti. The Réti endgame study is a chess endgame study by Richard Réti.It was published in 1921 in Kagans Neueste Schachnachrichten.It demonstrates how a king can make multiple threats and how it can take more than one path to a given location, using the same number of moves.
Games in which the difficulty of finding an optimal strategy stems from the multiplicity of possible moves are called combinatorial games. Examples include chess and Go. Games that involve imperfect information may also have a strong combinatorial character, for instance backgammon. There is no unified theory addressing combinatorial elements ...
The game must satisfy the following criteria: there are two players in the game; the game is of perfect information; the board game is finite; the two players can take alternate turns; and there is no chance element present. Zermelo has stated that there are many games of this type; however his theorem has been applied mostly to the game chess.
The resulting standard game is sometimes referred to as Western chess [91] or international chess, [92] particularly in Asia where other games of the chess family such as xiangqi are prevalent. Since the 19th century, the only rule changes, such as the establishment of the correct procedure for claiming a draw by repetition, have been technical ...
Endgame chess (or the Pawns Game, with unknown origins): Players start the game with only pawns and a king. Normal check, checkmate, en passant, and pawn promotion rules apply. [6] Los Alamos chess (or anti-clerical chess): Played on a 6×6 board without bishops. This was the first chess-like game played by a computer program.
Not all chess games reach an endgame; some of them end earlier. All chess positions with up to seven pieces on the board have been solved by endgame tablebases, [2] so the outcome (win, loss, or draw) of best play by both sides in such positions is known, and endgame textbooks teach this best play.