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2. Animal echolocation - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_echolocation

   The term echolocation was coined by 1944 by the American zoologist Donald Griffin, who, with Robert Galambos, first demonstrated the phenomenon in bats. [1] [2] As Griffin described in his book, [3] the 18th century Italian scientist Lazzaro Spallanzani had, by means of a series of elaborate experiments, concluded that when bats fly at night, they rely on some sense besides vision, but he did ...

3. Greater mouse-eared bat - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_mouse-eared_bat

   The Greater mouse-eared bat is relatively large for a member of the genus Myotis, weighing up to 45 grams (1.6 oz) and measuring 8 to 9 cm from head to tail (a little larger than a house mouse, Mus musculus), making it one of the largest European bats. [3] It has a 40 cm wingspan, with a forearm length of 6 cm, and a 4 to 5 cm long tail.

4. Australonycteris - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australonycteris

   Australonycteris clarkae, one of the earliest bats in the fossil record, is known from several upper and lower teeth, an edentulous lower-jaw fragment, a partial periotic bone, and several postcranial fragments. It has a forearm length of 40–45 millimetres (1.6–1.8 in), making it a medium-size bat species, and it could echolocate.

5. Bat - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bat

   Principle of bat echolocation: orange is the call and green is the echo. In low-duty cycle echolocation, bats can separate their calls and returning echoes by time. They have to time their short calls to finish before echoes return. [95] The delay of the returning echoes allows the bat to estimate the range to their prey. [93]

6. Microbat - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microbat

   Laryngeal echolocation is the dominant form of echolocation in microbats, however, it is not the only way in which microbats can produce ultrasonic waves. Excluding non-echolocating and laryngeally echolocating microbats, other species of microbats and megabats have been shown to produce ultrasonic waves by clapping their wings, clicking their ...

7. Echolocation jamming - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Echolocation_jamming

   Bats can make this adjustment very rapidly, often in less than 0.2 seconds. [9] Big brown bats can avoid jamming by going silent for periods of time when following another echolocating big brown bat. [10] This sometimes allows the silent bat to capture a prey in competitive foraging situations.

8. Doppler shift compensation - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doppler_shift_compensation

   When an echolocating bat approaches a target, its outgoing sounds return as echoes, which are Doppler shifted upward in frequency. In certain species of bats, which produce constant frequency (CF) echolocation calls, the bats compensate for the Doppler shift by changing their call frequency as they change speed towards a target.

9. Common big-eared bat - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_big-eared_bat

   It is a small species of bat with individuals weighing 3.4–9.1 g (0.12–0.32 oz). Its forearm length is 32–38 mm (1.3–1.5 in). Its ears are large and rounded, at 18–23 mm (0.71–0.91 in) long. Its ears are connected by an inter-auricular membrane. Its fur is brown, with geographic variation in the shade of brown.