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Von Neumann's System of Self-Replication Automata with the ability to evolve (Figure adapted from Luis Rocha's Lecture Notes at Binghamton University [6]).i) the self-replicating system is composed of several automata plus a separate description (an encoding formalized as a Turing 'tape') of all the automata: Universal Constructor (A), Universal Copier (B), operating system (C), extra ...
This last concept can be attributed to von Neumann's work on self reproducing automata, where he holds a self description necessary for any nontrivial (generalised) self reproducing system to avoid interferences. Von Neumann planned to design such a system for a model chemistry, too.
Self-replication is a fundamental feature of life. It was proposed that self-replication emerged in the evolution of life when a molecule similar to a double-stranded polynucleotide (possibly like RNA) dissociated into single-stranded polynucleotides and each of these acted as a template for synthesis of a complementary strand producing two double stranded copies. [4]
Notably, Von Neumann's Self-Reproducing Automata scheme posited that open-ended evolution requires inherited information to be copied and passed to offspring separately from the self-replicating machine, an insight that preceded the discovery of the structure of the DNA molecule by Watson and Crick and how it is separately translated and ...
The Von Neumann universal constructor based on the von Neumann cellular automaton was fleshed out in his posthumous Theory of Self Reproducing Automata. [295] The von Neumann neighborhood, in which each cell in a two-dimensional grid has the four orthogonally adjacent grid cells as neighbors, continues to be used for other cellular automata. [296]
The dynamics of the elementary hypercycle can be modelled using the following differential equation: [3] ˙ = (+,) where =, =. In the equation above, x i is the concentration of template I i; x is the total concentration of all templates; k i is the excess production rate of template I i, which is a difference between formation f i by self-replication of the template and its degradation d i ...
Their original purpose was to provide insight into the logical requirements for machine self-replication, and they were used in von Neumann's universal constructor. Nobili's cellular automaton is a variation of von Neumann's cellular automaton, augmented with the ability for confluent cells to cross signals and store information. The former ...
Hypercycle (chemistry) – Cyclic sequence of self-reproducing single cycles; Information metabolism – Psychological theory of interaction between biological organisms and their environment; Loschmidt's paradox – Conflict between known physical principles (time symmetry and entropy) Niklas Luhmann – German sociologist (1927–1998)