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Literature written in Hindi-Urdu was not common prior to the 1700s. [14] In North India, rich literary cultures existed in Awadhi and Brajbhasha, with earliest Awadhi texts dating to the 14th century. [15] In Delhi, poets wrote in Persian, while Rekhta/Hindvi (what is now recognizable as Hindi-Urdu) did not have the same literary recognition. [16]
Mirza Ghalib is considered one of the leading literary authority on Urdu poetry. [3] He lived in Delhi [4] and died in 1869. The literal meaning of shayar (shaa'ir) is poet. [5] There are more than 30 types of Urdu poetry, also known as shayari. Examples of shayari are ghazal, sher, nazm, marsiya, qita and many more. [6]
Triveni is a form of Hindi/Urdu poetry initiated by the poet Gulzar. Unlike sher, a triveni consists of three "hemistichs" (misras). The first two are complete in themselves but the addition of the third misra gives a new dimension. Rupa & Co. has published his poetry book Triveni.
For example, in "Khushbu bhi us k tarz-e-pazeerai per gai" (Fragrance also goes by his style of welcome), the poet suggests that even fragrance is transient and influenced by the beloved's presence. Similarly, "Gongay laboun pe hurf-e-tamanna kiya mujhe" (I am a wish on mute lips) metaphorically portrays unspoken desires.
Urdu literature (Urdu: ادبیاتِ اُردُو, “Adbiyāt-i Urdū”) comprises the literary works, written in the Urdu language.While it tends to be dominated by poetry, especially the verse forms of the ghazal (غزل) and nazm (نظم), it has expanded into other styles of writing, including that of the short story, or afsana (افسانہ).
Hindi has a rich legacy of poetry. There are several genres of poetry based on Ras, Chhand and Alankar (e.g., Shringar, Karun, Veer, Hāsya, etc.). [16] Hasya Kavita is humorous comic poetry in Hindi. It is particularly famous due to Hindi kavi sammelans. Bal kavita is children's rhymes in Hindi. Many attempts have been made to document Hindi ...
This is a ten-syllable bahr and by the standards of Urdu poetry, is a chotii (small) bahr. As with the scansion of Persian poetry, a syllable such as miid or baat consisting of a long vowel plus consonant, or sharm consisting of a short vowel and two consonants, is "overlong", and counts as a long syllable + a short one. [3]
Scene and sequel are two types of written passages used by authors to advance the plot of a story. Scenes propel a story forward as the character attempts to achieve a goal. [1] Sequels provide an opportunity for the character to react to the scene, analyze the new situation, and decide upon the next course of action. [2]