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The mercantilist doctrine encouraged the many intra-European wars of the period and arguably fueled European expansion and imperialism throughout the world until the 19th century or early 20th century. The Reformation in central and northern Europe gave a major blow to the authority of the papacy and the Catholic Church.
The Elizabethan era in the second half of the 16th century is usually regarded as the height of the English Renaissance. Many scholars see its beginnings in the early 16th century during the reign of Henry VIII. [92] The English Renaissance is different from the Italian Renaissance in several ways.
Europe experienced a period of dreadful calamities from the early 14th century. These culminated in a devastating pandemic known as the Black Death, which killed about one-third of Europe's population. [24] Around 1500, the population of Europe was about 60–85 million people—no more than 75 percent of the mid-14th-century demographic ...
The late Middle Ages or late medieval period was the period of European history lasting from 1300 to 1500 CE. The late Middle Ages followed the High Middle Ages and preceded the onset of the early modern period (and in much of Europe, the Renaissance). [1] Around 1350, centuries of prosperity and growth in Europe came to a halt.
8 16th century. 9 17th century. 10 18th century. ... This is a list of conflicts in Europe ordered chronologically, ... 685–668 BC Second Messenian War;
The English Reformation took place in 16th-century England when the King wished to divorce his Spanish wife (who had delivered no male children) and marry Anne Boleyn. The English Church then broke away first from the authority of the Pope and bishops over the King and then from some doctrines and practices of the Catholic Church.
The first well-known literate civilization in Europe was the Minoan civilization that arose on the island of Crete and flourished from approximately the 27th century BC to the 15th century BC. [ 6 ] The Minoans were replaced by the Mycenaean civilization which flourished during the period roughly between 1600 BC, when Helladic culture in ...
In addition to its loss of political power, the Church came under increasing attack during the Age of Enlightenment in the 18th century. [15] As Spain declined in the 16th century, so did its Italian possessions in Naples, Sicily, Sardinia, and Milan. Southern Italy was impoverished, stagnant, and cut off from the mainstream of events in Europe.