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The hole represents the cup and the surrounding area the disc. If the cup fills 1/10 of the disc, the ratio will be 0.1. If it fills 7/10 of the disc, the ratio is 0.7. The normal cup-to-disc ratio is less than 0.5. A large cup-to-disc ratio may imply glaucoma or other pathology. [3] However, cupping by itself is not indicative of glaucoma.
Cup–disc ratio CF: Count fingers vision – state distance c/o or c.o. ... Vertical orthophoria ⊕ Horizontal and vertical orthophoria OC's Optical centres Occ.
The optic disc is located 3 to 4 mm to the nasal side of the fovea.It is a vertical oval, with average dimensions of 1.76mm horizontally by 1.92mm vertically. [2] There is a central depression, of variable size, called the optic cup.
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Changes on ophthalmologic exam include deepening and enlargement of the optic cup (leading to a high cup/disc ratio), a more vertical oval optic cup shape, pallor of the disc, and an increase in the blood vessels within the optic nerve on the nasal side of the disc.
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In megalopapilla the optic disc diameter exceeds 2.1 mm (or surface area more than 2.5 mm 2 [1]) with an increased cup-to-disc ratio. [2] Although the optic disc is looks abnormal, the disc colour, sharpness of disc margin, rim volume, configuration of blood vessels and intraocular pressure will be normal.