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  2. Methanation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methanation

    Methanation is the conversion of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide (CO x) to methane (CH 4) through hydrogenation. The methanation reactions of CO x were first discovered by Sabatier and Senderens in 1902. [1] CO x methanation has many practical applications.

  3. Coal gasification - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal_gasification

    In industrial chemistry, coal gasification is the process of producing syngas—a mixture consisting primarily of carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen (H 2), carbon dioxide (CO 2), methane (CH 4), and water vapour (H 2 O)—from coal and water, air and/or oxygen. Historically, coal was gasified to produce coal gas, also known as "town gas".

  4. Coal liquefaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal_liquefaction

    High water consumption in the water-gas shift reaction or steam methane reforming is another adverse environmental effect. [10] CO 2 emission control at Erdos CTL, an Inner Mongolian plant with a carbon capture and storage demonstration project, involves injecting CO 2 into the saline aquifer of Erdos Basin, at a rate of 100,000 tonnes per year.

  5. Chemical looping reforming and gasification - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_looping_reforming...

    CH a O b + ⁠ 1-b / δ ⁠ MeO xCO + ⁠ a / 2 ⁠ H 2 + ⁠ 1-b / δ ⁠ MeO x-δ. where Me is a metal. It is noted that the reaction in the reducer of the CLR and CLG processes differs from that in the chemical looping combustion (CLC) process in that, the feedstock in CLC process is fully oxidized to CO 2 and H 2 O. In another reactor ...

  6. Coal gas - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal_gas

    It was discovered that adding steam to the input air of a gas producer would increase the calorific value of the fuel gas by enriching it with CO and hydrogen (H 2) produced by water gas reactions. Producer gas has a very low calorific value of 3.7 to 5.6 MJ/m 3 (99 to 150 Btu/cu ft); because the calorific gases CO/H 2 are diluted with much ...

  7. Gas to liquids - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_to_liquids

    Methane-rich gases are converted into liquid synthetic fuels. Two general strategies exist: (i) direct partial combustion of methane to methanol and (ii) Fischer–Tropsch-like processes that convert carbon monoxide and hydrogen into hydrocarbons. Strategy ii is followed by diverse methods to convert the hydrogen-carbon monoxide mixtures to ...

  8. Syngas - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syngas

    C + H 2 O → CO + H 2 [1] CO + H 2 O → CO 2 + H 2 [1] C + CO 2 → 2CO [1] Steam reforming of methane is an endothermic reaction requiring 206 kJ/mol of methane: CH 4 + H 2 O → CO + 3 H 2. In principle, but rarely in practice, biomass and related hydrocarbon feedstocks could be used to generate biogas and biochar in waste-to-energy ...

  9. Gasification - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gasification

    Gasification is a process that converts biomass- or fossil fuel-based carbonaceous materials into gases, including as the largest fractions: nitrogen (N 2), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen (H 2), and carbon dioxide (CO 2).