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Tobler's hiking function – walking speed vs. slope angle chart. Tobler's hiking function is an exponential function determining the hiking speed, taking into account the slope angle. [1] [2] [3] It was formulated by Waldo Tobler. This function was estimated from empirical data of Eduard Imhof. [4]
Pace is the reciprocal of speed. It can be calculated here from the following formula: [6] [19] p = p0·(1 + α·m) where: p = pace p0 = pace on flat terrain m = gradient uphill. This formula is true for m≥0 (uphill or flat terrain). [6] [19] It assumes equivalence of distance and climb by applying mentioned earlier α factor. [4] [19]
A pace is a unit of length consisting either of one normal walking step (approximately 0.75 metres or 30 inches), or of a double step, returning to the same foot (approximately 1.5 metres or 60 inches). The normal pace length decreases with age and some health conditions. [1]
Ratio of the speed to the speed of sound [note 1] in the medium (unitless). ≈ 340 m/s in air at sea level ≈ 295 m/s in air at jet altitudes metre per second (SI unit) m/s ≡ 1 m/s = 1 m/s mile per hour: mph ≡ 1 mi/h = 0.447 04 m/s: mile per minute: mpm ≡ 1 mi/min = 26.8224 m/s: mile per second: mps ≡ 1 mi/s = 1 609.344 m/s: speed of ...
For example, 10 miles per hour can be converted to metres per second by using a sequence of conversion factors as shown below: = . Each conversion factor is chosen based on the relationship between one of the original units and one of the desired units (or some intermediary unit), before being rearranged to create a factor that cancels out the ...
In the United States, it is computed per 100 million miles traveled, while internationally it is computed in 100 million or 1 billion kilometers traveled. According to the Minnesota Department of Public Safety, Office of Traffic Safety Volume of traffic, or vehicle miles traveled (VMT), is a predictor of crash incidence.
The formula from Léger and Mercier [4] links the V̇O 2 max to the vV̇O 2 max, supposing an ideal running technique. vV̇O 2 max = V̇O 2 max / 3.5. where vV̇O 2 max is in km/h and V̇O 2 max is in mL/(kg•min). Note: This formula is identical to that used to calculate the metabolic equivalent of task (MET) score for a given V̇O 2 max ...
Earth radius R 🜨 ≈ 6,371 km [9] Lunar distance LD ≈ 384 402 km. [10] Average distance between the center of Earth and the center of the Moon. astronomical unit au. Defined as 149 597 870 700 m. [11] Approximately the distance between the Earth and Sun. light-year ly ≈ 9 460 730 472 580.8 km.