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Carboxylate ion Acrylate ion. In organic chemistry, a carboxylate is the conjugate base of a carboxylic acid, RCOO − (or RCO − 2). It is an anion, an ion with negative charge. Carboxylate salts are salts that have the general formula M(RCOO) n, where M is a metal and n is 1, 2,....
They are analogous to carboxylate esters (R−C(=O)−O−R’) with the sulfur in the thioester replacing oxygen in the carboxylate ester, as implied by the thio-prefix. They are the product of esterification of a carboxylic acid (R−C(=O)−O−H) with a thiol (R'−S−H).
The nucleophile is polarised and oriented by the base, which is itself bound and stabilised by the acid. [24] Catalysis is performed in two stages. First, the activated nucleophile attacks the carbonyl carbon and forces the carbonyl oxygen to accept an electron pair, leading to a tetrahedral intermediate. The resulting build-up of negative ...
Protein is the key to keeping you full and energized. But when it comes to the source, some proteins stand above the rest, according to a new report from an advisory committee to the United States ...
"While regular edamame is also a good source of protein, roasted edamame [in a single serve packet] is perfect for busy on-the-go lives and snacking from anywhere with 14 grams per 1/3 cup serving ...
Converting a carboxylic acid to an amide is possible, but not straightforward. Instead of acting as a nucleophile, an amine will react as a base in the presence of a carboxylic acid to give the ammonium carboxylate salt. Heating the salt to above 100 °C will drive off water and lead to the formation of the amide.
The company develops industrial processes that utilize microorganisms to convert methane into protein for seafood, livestock feed [1] and other food ingredients. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] It operates a demonstration plant in Teesside, England , [ 4 ] that uses methanotroph bacteria to convert methane into single cell protein [ 5 ] currently approved for use ...
The flavin-containing monooxygenase (FMO) protein family specializes in the oxidation of xeno-substrates in order to facilitate the excretion of these compounds from living organisms. [1] These enzymes can oxidize a wide array of heteroatoms, particularly soft nucleophiles, such as amines, sulfides, and phosphites.