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Archduke Rudolf, aged 15, painted by Alonso Sánchez Coello. Rudolf was born in Vienna on 18 July 1552. [2] He was the eldest son and successor of Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor, King of Bohemia, and King of Hungary and Croatia; his mother was the Spanish Princess Maria, a daughter of Charles V [2] and Isabella of Portugal.
Christianity was adopted as the state religion for the Kingdom of Hungary by King Saint Stephen and the kings of the Árpád dynasty used the title of the apostolic king. The descendants of the dynasty gave the world the highest number of saints and blesseds from one family. [1]
Royal Hungary became a part of the Habsburg monarchy and enjoyed little influence in Vienna. [17] The Habsburg king directly controlled Royal Hungary's financial, military, and foreign affairs, and imperial troops guarded its borders. [17] The Habsburgs avoided filling the office of palatine to prevent the holders amassing too much power. [17]
Religion in Hungary is varied, with Christianity being the largest religion. In the national census of 2022, 42.5% of the population identified themselves as Christians, of whom 29.2% were adherents of Catholicism (27.5% following the Roman Rite, and 1.7% the Greek Rite), 9.8% of Calvinism, 1.8% of Lutheranism, 0.2% of Eastern Orthodox Christianity, and 1.5% of other Christian denominations.
Matthias was born in the Austrian capital of Vienna as the fourth son of Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor and of Maria of Spain.His brothers were Rudolf (who became Emperor Rudolf II), Ernest, Maximilian (from 1585 Grand Master of the Teutonic Order), Albert (archbishop of Toledo, later governor of the Netherlands), and Wenceslaus (Grand Prior of the Order of Malta in Castile).
Rudolph, Holy Roman Emperor may refer to: Rudolf I of Germany (1218–1291), King of the Romans Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor (1552–1612), Holy Roman Emperor, King of Hungary, King of Bohemia and Archduke of Austria
To put an end to the civil war, Bocskai and Rudolph's representatives signed the Treaty of Vienna on 23 June 1606. Rudolph acknowledged Bocskai's hereditary right to rule the Principality of Transylvania and four counties in Royal Hungary. The treaty also confirmed the Protestant noblemen and burghers' right to freely practise their religion.
The Kingdom of Hungary was a monarchy in Central Europe that existed for nearly a millennium, from 1000 to 1946. The Principality of Hungary emerged as a Christian kingdom upon the coronation of the first king Stephen I at Esztergom around the year 1000; [8] his family (the Árpád dynasty) led the monarchy for 300 years.