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Storage organs may act as perennating organs ('perennating' as in perennial, meaning "through the year", used in the sense of continuing beyond the year and in due course lasting for multiple years). These are used by plants to survive adverse periods in the plant's life-cycle (e.g. caused by cold, excessive heat, lack of light or drought).
Stolons have longer internodes and function as means of seeking out light and are used for propagation of the plant, while rhizomes are used as storage organs for carbohydrates and the maintenance of meristem tissue to keep the parent plant alive from one year to the next. [21]
A root tuber, tuberous root or storage root is a modified lateral root, enlarged to function as a storage organ. The enlarged area of the tuber can be produced at the end or middle of a root or involve the entire root. It is thus different in origin, but similar in function and appearance, to a stem tuber.
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Storage roots: roots modified for storage of food or water, such as carrots and beets. They include some taproots and tuberous roots. Structural roots : large roots that have undergone considerable secondary thickening and provide mechanical support to woody plants and trees.
The water content of some succulent organs can get up to 90–95%, [2] such as Glottiphyllum semicyllindricum and Mesembryanthemum barkleyii. [3] Some definitions also include roots , thus geophytes that survive unfavorable periods by dying back to underground storage organs (caudex) may be regarded as succulents.
A stem tuber is a thickened part of a rhizome or stolon that has been enlarged for use as a storage organ. [10] In general, a tuber is high in starch, e.g. the potato, which is a modified stolon. The term "tuber" is often used imprecisely and is sometimes applied to plants with rhizomes.
In gardening, a "bulb" is a plant's underground or ground-level storage organ that can be dried, stored, and sold in this state, and then planted to grow again. Many bulbs in this sense are produced by geophytes – plants whose growing point is below ground level. However, not all bulbs in the gardening sense are produced by geophytes.