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Resilience: This six-item scale measures an individual's ability to sustain and bounce back when beset by problems and adversity to attain success. Optimism: This six-item scale measures an individual's ability to make a positive attribution and expectation about succeeding now and in the future.
The SSQ was compared with the depression scale and validity tests show significant negative correlation ranging from -0.22 to -0.43. The SSQ and the optimism scale have a correlation of 0.57. The SSQ and the satisfaction score have a correlation of 0.34. [2] The SSQ has high internal consistency among items. [4]
This version has 100 yes/no questions in its full version and 48 yes/no questions in its short scale version. A different approach to personality measurement developed by Eysenck, which distinguishes between different facets of these traits, is the Eysenck Personality Profiler.
An optimist and a pessimist, Vladimir Makovsky, 1893. Researchers operationalize the term "optimism" differently depending on their research. As with any trait characteristic, there are several ways to evaluate optimism, such as the Life Orientation Test (LOT), an eight-item scale developed in 1985 by Michael Scheier and Charles Carver.
A propensity to unrealistic optimism and over-exaggerated self-evaluations can be useful. These positive illusions are especially important when an individual receives threatening negative feedback, as the illusions allow for adaptation in these circumstances to protect psychological well-being and self-confidence (Taylor & Brown, 1988).
As President Trump prepares for his second term in office, questions are swirling over his administration’s immigration policies. Trump promises to disrupt immigration. These charts show how ...
The CPI is made up of 434 true-false questions, of which 171 were taken from the original version of the MMPI. [2] [3] The test is scored on 18 scales, three of which are validity scales. Eleven of the non-validity scales were selected by comparing responses from various groups of people. The other four were content validated. [2]
JPM Price to Book Value data by YCharts. Decision time: I'm on the sidelines. There's a lot to like about JPMorgan Chase, which is well-positioned to reward shareholders over the long run.