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Resilience: This six-item scale measures an individual's ability to sustain and bounce back when beset by problems and adversity to attain success. Optimism: This six-item scale measures an individual's ability to make a positive attribution and expectation about succeeding now and in the future.
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An optimist and a pessimist, Vladimir Makovsky, 1893. Researchers operationalize the term "optimism" differently depending on their research. As with any trait characteristic, there are several ways to evaluate optimism, such as the Life Orientation Test (LOT), an eight-item scale developed in 1985 by Michael Scheier and Charles Carver.
Learned optimism is the idea in positive psychology that a talent for joy, like any other, can be cultivated. In contrast with learned helplessness , optimism is learned by consciously challenging any negative self talk .
This version has 100 yes/no questions in its full version and 48 yes/no questions in its short scale version. A different approach to personality measurement developed by Eysenck, which distinguishes between different facets of these traits, is the Eysenck Personality Profiler.
The SSQ was compared with the depression scale and validity tests show significant negative correlation ranging from -0.22 to -0.43. The SSQ and the optimism scale have a correlation of 0.57. The SSQ and the satisfaction score have a correlation of 0.34. [2] The SSQ has high internal consistency among items. [4]
A propensity to unrealistic optimism and over-exaggerated self-evaluations can be useful. These positive illusions are especially important when an individual receives threatening negative feedback, as the illusions allow for adaptation in these circumstances to protect psychological well-being and self-confidence (Taylor & Brown, 1988).
IPIP provides journal citations to trace those inventories back to the publication as well as correlation tables between questions of the same factor and between results from different inventories for comparison. [4] [5] [6] Scoring keys that mention the items used for a test are given in a list form; [7] they can be formatted into ...