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The optic cup is the white, cup-like area in the center of the optic disc. [1] The ratio of the size of the optic cup to the optic disc (cup-to-disc ratio, or C/D) is one measure used in the diagnosis of glaucoma. Different C/Ds can be measured horizontally or vertically in the same patient. C/Ds vary widely in healthy individuals.
The interpretation of fundus photographs that are glaucomatous must contain a description of the vertical and horizontal cup to disc ratio, vessel pattern, diffuse or focal pallor, asymmetry and development of the above factors. The retinal nerve fibre layer should also be studied and commented on. [23]
The optic disc is located 3 to 4 mm to the nasal side of the fovea.It is a vertical oval, with average dimensions of 1.76mm horizontally by 1.92mm vertically. [2] There is a central depression, of variable size, called the optic cup.
Cup–disc ratio CF: Count fingers vision – state distance c/o or c.o. Complains of CT: Cover test c/u: Check up CW: Close work Δ: Prism dioptre D: Dioptres DC: Dioptres cylinder DNA: Did not attend DOB: Date of birth DS: Dioptres sphere DV: Distance vision DVD: Dissociated vertical deviation EF: Eccentric fixation FB: Foreign body FD ...
Changes on ophthalmologic exam include deepening and enlargement of the optic cup (leading to a high cup/disc ratio), a more vertical oval optic cup shape, pallor of the disc, and an increase in the blood vessels within the optic nerve on the nasal side of the disc.
Fundus photographs of the right eye (left image) and left eye (right image), as seen from the front (as if face to face with the viewer). Each fundus has no sign of disease or pathology. The gaze is into the camera, so in each picture the macula is in the center of the image, and the optic disc is located towards the nose. Both optic discs have ...
In megalopapilla the optic disc diameter exceeds 2.1 mm (or surface area more than 2.5 mm 2 [1]) with an increased cup-to-disc ratio. [2] Although the optic disc is looks abnormal, the disc colour, sharpness of disc margin, rim volume, configuration of blood vessels and intraocular pressure will be normal.
The term "disc-at-risk" refers to an optic nerve head characterized by a small cup-to-disc ratio and a crowding of optic nerve fibers. This anatomical feature is a significant factor in the development of NAION. [4] [5] Individuals predisposed to this condition typically have smaller optic discs with minimal or no cupping. This anatomical ...