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Penicillium chrysogenum (formerly known as Penicillium notatum) is a species of fungus in the genus Penicillium. It is common in temperate and subtropical regions and can be found on salted food products, [ 1 ] but it is mostly found in indoor environments, especially in damp or water-damaged buildings. [ 2 ]
Penicillium chrysogenum is of major medical and historical importance as the original and present-day industrial source of the antibiotic penicillin. The species was considered asexual for more than 100 years despite concerted efforts to induce sexual reproduction.
The principal commercial strain of Penicillium chrysogenum (the Peoria strain) produces penicillin G as the principal component when corn steep liquor is used as the culture medium. [8] When phenoxyethanol or phenoxyacetic acid are added to the culture medium, the mould produces penicillin V as the main penicillin instead.
"The isopenicillin-N acyltransferase of Penicillium chrysogenum has isopenicillin-N amidohydrolase, 6-aminopenicillanic acid acyltransferase and penicillin amidase activities, all of which are encoded by the single penDE gene". European Journal of Biochemistry. 215 (2): 323–332. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1993.tb18038.x. ISSN 0014-2956
The mould was identified as Penicillium chrysogenum and designated as NRRL 1951 or cantaloupe strain. [106] [116] The spores may have escaped from the NRRL. [117] [a] [b] Between 1941 and 1943, Moyer, Coghill and Raper developed methods for industrialized penicillin production and isolated higher-yielding strains of the Penicillium fungus.
Penicillium abidjanum [2] Penicillium adametzii [2] Penicillium adametzioides [2] Penicillium aeris [3] Penicillium aethiopicum [2] Penicillium albicans [2] Penicillium albidum [2] Penicillium albocoremium; Penicillium alexiae [4] Penicillium alfredii [5] Penicillium alicantinum [4] Penicillium allahabadense [6] Penicillium allii; Penicillium ...
[17] From then on, Fleming's mould was synonymously referred to as P. notatum and P. chrysogenum. But Thom adopted and popularised the use of P. chrysogenum. [18] In addition to P. notatum, newly discovered species such as P. meleagrinum and P. cyaneofulvum were recognised as members of P. chrysogenum in 1977. [19]
Penicillium rubens is a species of fungus in the genus Penicillium and was the first species known to produce the antibiotic penicillin. It was first described by Philibert Melchior Joseph Ehi Biourge in 1923. For the discovery of penicillin from this species Alexander Fleming shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1945. [1]