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Procaine is a local anesthetic drug of the amino ester group. It is most commonly used in dental procedures to numb the area around a tooth [1] and is also used to reduce the pain of intramuscular injection of penicillin. Owing to the ubiquity of the trade name Novocain or Novocaine, in some regions, procaine is referred to generically as ...
Many local anesthetics fall into two general chemical classes, amino esters (top) and amino amides (bottom). A local anesthetic (LA) is a medication that causes absence of all sensation (including pain) in a specific body part without loss of consciousness, [1] providing local anesthesia, as opposed to a general anesthetic, which eliminates all sensation in the entire body and causes ...
There are mainly 2 classes of local anaesthetic agents: Amide or Ester linkages, based on their chemical structure. [29] E.g. of amide LA: lidocaine, prilocaine, articaine, mepivacaine; E.g. of ester LA: benzocaine, procaine; Genuine allergic reactions of an amide LA is very uncommon.
Structurally, amino esters consist of three molecular components: a lipophilic part (ester); an intermediate aliphatic chain; a hydrophilic part (amine); The chemical linkage between the lipophilic part and the intermediate chain can be of the amide-type or the ester-type, and is the general basis for the current classification of local anesthetics.
Pseudocholinesterase deficiency results in delayed metabolism of only a few compounds of clinical significance, including the following: succinylcholine, mivacurium, procaine, heroin, and cocaine. Of these, its most clinically important substrate is the depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent, succinylcholine , which the pseudocholinesterase ...
Diethylethanolamine reacts with 4-aminobenzoic acid to make procaine. DEAE is a precursor for DEAE-cellulose resin, which is commonly used in ion exchange chromatography. it can decrease the surface tension of water when the temperature is increased. [3] Solutions of DEAE absorb carbon dioxide (CO 2).
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The Meyer-Overton correlation for anaesthetics. A nonspecific mechanism of general anaesthetic action was first proposed by Emil Harless and Ernst von Bibra in 1847. [9] They suggested that general anaesthetics may act by dissolving in the fatty fraction of brain cells and removing fatty constituents from them, thus changing activity of brain cells and inducing anaesthesia.