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Paul Kennedy posits that continued deficit spending, especially on military build-up, is the single most important reason for decline of any great power. The costs of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan were as of 2017 estimated to run as high as $4.4 trillion, which Kennedy deems a major victory for Osama bin Laden, whose announced goal was to humiliate America by showcasing its casualty ...
The recession was short, but extremely painful. The year 1920 was the single most deflationary year in American history; production, however, did not fall as much as might be expected from the deflation. GNP may have declined between 2.5 and 7 percent, even as wholesale prices declined by 36.8%. [32]
A Monetary History of the United States, 1867–1960. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. pp. 231– 239. ISBN 978-0691003542. Leab, Daniel, ed. Encyclopedia of American Recessions and Depressions (2 vol ABC-CLIO, 2014). Meltzer, Allan H. (2003). A History of the Federal Reserve – Volume 1: 1913–1951.
The Defining Moment: The Great Depression and the American Economy in the Twentieth Century (1998). Advanced economic history. Bremer, William W. "Along the American Way: The New Deal's Work Relief Programs for the Unemployed." Journal of American History 62 (December 1975): 636–652 online; Cannadine, David (2007). Mellon: An American Life.
The former Packard Automotive Plant in Detroit, a recognizable symbol of the decline of the city's once vibrant Automotive industry in the United States. The term deindustrialization crisis has been used to describe the decline of labor-intensive industry in a number of countries and flight of jobs away from cities.
American stock prices continued to decline in fits and starts until they hit bottom in July 1932. In the first quarter of 1933, the banking system broke down: asset prices had collapsed, bank lending had largely ceased, a quarter of the American work force was unemployed, and real GDP per capita in 1933 was 29% below its 1929 value. [14]
The top 5 investment banks at the core of the crisis (Bear Stearns, Lehman Brothers, Merrill Lynch, Goldman Sachs, and Morgan Stanley) had accumulated approximately $4 trillion in debt by 2007 with a high leverage ratio (25:1 or higher) meaning a 4% decline in the value of their assets would render them insolvent.
The United States, in particular, has a history of predicting its own downfall, beginning with European settlement. [19] The so-called "American declinism" has been a recurring topic in the politics of the United States since the 1950s. [citation needed] "America is prone to bouts of 'declinism,'" The Economist has noted. [20]