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  2. Sister group - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sister_group

    The term sister group is used in phylogenetic analysis, however, only groups identified in the analysis are labeled as "sister groups".. An example is birds, whose commonly cited living sister group is the crocodiles, but that is true only when discussing extant organisms; [3] [4] when other, extinct groups are considered, the relationship between birds and crocodiles appears distant.

  3. Pseudosuchia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudosuchia

    The name Pseudosuchia was originally given to a group of superficially crocodile-like prehistoric reptiles from the Triassic period, but fell out of use in the late 20th century, especially after the name Crurotarsi was established in 1990 to label the clade (evolutionary grouping) of archosaurs encompassing most reptiles previously identified as pseudosuchians.

  4. Crurotarsi - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crurotarsi

    The name Crurotarsi is derived from the Latin word crus (lower leg) and the Greek word tarsos (ankle). It refers to the specialized articulation (a crurotarsal joint) between the lower leg (specifically the fibula ) and the ankle (specifically the calcaneum ) which is present in the skeletons of reptiles such as suchians and phytosaurs .

  5. Parareptilia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parareptilia

    A name had to be found for a clade of various early-diversing Permian and Triassic reptiles no longer included in the anapsids. Olsen's term "parareptiles" was chosen to refer to this clade, although its instability within their analysis meant that Gauthier et al. (1988) were not confident enough to erect Parareptilia as a formal taxon.

  6. Pancrustacea - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pancrustacea

    In a 2012 molecular study, von Reumont et al. challenge the monophyly of Vericrustacea: they present four versions of Pancrustacea cladogram (figures 1–4), and in all four figures Remipedia is a sister group to Hexapoda, and Branchiopoda is a sister group to (Remipedia + Hexapoda). Thus, their data strongly suggest that Branchiopoda is more ...

  7. Crown group - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crown_group

    The name plesion has a long history in biological systematics, and plesion group has acquired several meanings over the years. One use is as "nearby group" (plesion means close to in Greek ), i.e. sister group to a given taxon , whether that group is a crown group or not. [ 22 ]

  8. Archaeognatha - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaeognatha

    In the late 20th century, it was recognized that the order Thysanura was paraphyletic, thus the two suborders were each raised to the status of an independent monophyletic order, with Archaeognatha sister taxon to the Dicondylia, including the Zygentoma. [5] The order Archaeognatha is cosmopolitan; it includes roughly 500 species in two ...

  9. Trochozoa - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trochozoa

    The Trochozoa are a proposed Lophotrochozoa clade that is a sister clade of Bryozoa and Platyzoa.The clade would include animals in five phyla: the Nemertea, the Annelida, the Mollusca, and the two Brachiozoan phyla, Brachiopoda and Phoronida.