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In 1859, private interests constructed two short piers and dredged out a channel between them, connecting Betsie Lake to Lake Michigan. The harbor quickly became a popular refuge, and in 1867, Congress directed the Army Corps of Engineers to begin improvements on the harbor. [ 2 ]
The Lake Survey completed a few local harbor surveys on Lake Superior by 1859 and began a general survey of the western end of that lake in 1861. He oversaw a dramatic expansion in the survey, including the construction of an observatory in Detroit and the first systematic recording of lake water levels. [7] [8]
Mullett Lake is a lake in Cheboygan County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The lake is named after John Mullett , who, together with William A. Burt , made a federal survey of the area from 1840 to 1843.
It was merged with the United States Army Corps of Engineers on 31 March 1863, at which point the Corps of Engineers also assumed the Lakes Survey for the Great Lakes. [2] In the mid-19th century, Corps of Engineers' officers ran Lighthouse Districts in tandem with U.S. Naval officers. In 1841, Congress created the Lake Survey.
A series of eight locks, managed by the Army Corps of Engineers, controls water flow from Lake Michigan to the Mississippi River system. The upper lock, T.J. O'Brien, is 7 miles from Lake Michigan on the Calumet River and the last lock is 90 miles (140 km) upstream from the Mississippi River at the LaGrange lock and dam.
Sheboygan is preparing for future flooding and erosion that could result from fluctuating water levels in Lake Michigan. Lake Michigan levels could lead to more flooding and erosion in the future.
The Cheboygan River descends 13 feet (4.0 m) in its 6-mile (9.7 km) length, from 594 feet (181 m) above sea level, the level of Mullett Lake, to Lake Huron at 581 feet (177 m) above sea level. The river and other sections of the Inland Waterway are made accessible by locks maintained by the United States Army Corps of Engineers .
The history of the US Army Corps of Engineers (DIANE Publishing, 1999). online; Becker, William H. From the Atlantic to the Great Lakes: a history of the US Army Corps of Engineers and the St. Lawrence Seaway (Historical Division, Office of Administrative Services, Office of the Chief of Engineers, 1984) online.