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For example, in Bill said Alice would arrive soon, and she did, the words Alice and she refer to the same person. [1] Co-reference is often non-trivial to determine. For example, in Bill said he would come, the word he may or may not refer to Bill. Determining which expressions are coreferences is an important part of analyzing or understanding ...
The most widespread term is probably refer, and a thing identified is a referent, as for example in the work of John Lyons. In linguistics, the study of reference relations belongs to pragmatics , the study of language use, though it is also a matter of great interest to philosophers, especially those wishing to understand the nature of ...
Some examples: replacing "the taxi driver" with the pronoun "he" or "two girls" with "they". Another example can be found in formulaic sequences such as "as stated previously" or "the aforementioned". Cataphoric reference is the opposite of anaphora: a reference forward as opposed to backward in the discourse. Something is introduced in the ...
The word "source" in Wikipedia has three meanings: the work itself (for example, a document, article, paper, or book), the creator of the work (for example, the writer), and the publisher of the work (for example, Cambridge University Press). All three can affect reliability.
A referent (/ ˈ r ɛ f ə r ə n t / REF-ər-ənt) is a person or thing to which a name – a linguistic expression or other symbol – refers.For example, in the sentence Mary saw me, the referent of the word Mary is the particular person called Mary who is being spoken of, while the referent of the word me is the person uttering the sentence.
Dictionaries, for instance, must always ultimately be a circular reference since all words in a dictionary are defined in terms of other words, but a dictionary nevertheless remains a useful reference. Sentences containing circular references can still be meaningful: Her brother gave her a kitten; his sister thanked him for it.
The term is used in philosophical theories of reference, and is to be contrasted with referentially transparent context.In rough outline: Opacity: "Mary believes that Cicero is a great orator" gives rise to an opaque context; although Cicero was also called 'Tully', [2] we can't simply substitute 'Tully' for 'Cicero' in this context ("Mary believes that Tully is a great orator") and guarantee ...
This help page is an overview and gives concise examples of several systems. Please refer to the linked main articles for details. For a more general introduction see Help:Introduction to referencing or Help:Referencing for beginners with citation templates.