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Fructose (/ ˈ f r ʌ k t oʊ s,-oʊ z /), or fruit sugar, is a ketonic simple sugar found in many plants, where it is often bonded to glucose to form the disaccharide sucrose.It is one of the three dietary monosaccharides, along with glucose and galactose, that are absorbed by the gut directly into the blood of the portal vein during digestion.
The conversion of glucose to fructose is a key component of high-fructose corn syrup production. Isomerization is more specific than older chemical methods of fructose production, resulting in a higher yield of fructose and no side products. [24] The fructose produced from this isomerization reaction is purer with no residual flavors from ...
The ability of xylose isomerase to convert between glucose and fructose has led to its proposal as a treatment for fructose malabsorption. [ 22 ] [ 23 ] This enzyme is used in industrial settings and has been shown to produce no allergic response in humans.
Fructose, galactose, and glucose are all simple sugars, monosaccharides, with the general formula C 6 H 12 O 6. They have five hydroxyl groups (−OH) and a carbonyl group (C=O) and are cyclic when dissolved in water. They each exist as several isomers with dextro- and laevo-rotatory forms that cause polarized light to diverge to the right or ...
Oligosaccharides of glucose combined with other sugars serve as important energy stores. These include lactose, the predominant sugar in milk, which is a glucose-galactose disaccharide, and sucrose, another disaccharide which is composed of glucose and fructose. Glucose is also added onto certain proteins and lipids in a process called ...
High fructose corn syrup (HFCS) [1] – made from corn starch, containing from 55% fructose [3] to 90% fructose. High maltose corn syrup – mainly maltose, not as sweet as high fructose corn syrup; Honey [1] – consists of fructose and glucose; Inositol [2] – naturally occurring sugar alcohol. Commercial products are purified from corn.
Fructose can be bad for your health when consumed as part of high-fructose corn syrup in processed foods. Past studies have linked high-fructose corn syrup intake to many diseases, including cancer.
For many monosaccharides (including glucose), the cyclic forms predominate, in the solid state and in solutions, and therefore the same name commonly is used for the open- and closed-chain isomers. Thus, for example, the term "glucose" may signify glucofuranose, glucopyranose, the open-chain form, or a mixture of the three.