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Patients with arachnoid cysts may never show symptoms, even in some cases where the cyst is large. Therefore, while the presence of symptoms may provoke further clinical investigation, symptoms independent of further data cannot—and should not—be interpreted as evidence of a cyst's existence, size, location, or potential functional impact on the patient.
These classification of cysts are embedded in the endoderm (inner layer) and the ectoderm (outer layer) of the cranial or spinal cord germ layers.They normally take over the neuraxis, the axis of the central nervous system that determines how the nervous system is placed, which allows the cysts to infiltrate the CNS tissues. [3]
Absent tibia-polydactyly-arachnoid cyst syndrome, also known as Holmes-Collins syndrome, is a very rare multi-systemic hereditary disorder which is characterized by facial dysmorphisms, [1] pre/post-axial polydactyly, toe syndactyly, missing/underdeveloped tibia bone, and the presence of a retrocerebellar arachnoid cyst.
Arachnoiditis is an inflammatory condition of the arachnoid mater or 'arachnoid', one of the membranes known as meninges that surround and protect the central nervous system. The outermost layer of the meninges is the dura mater (Latin for hard) and adheres to inner surface of the skull and vertebrae. [ 1 ]
Tarlov cysts are most commonly located in the S1 to S4/S5 region of the spinal canal, but can be found along any region of the spine. They usually form on the extradural components of sacrococcygeal nerve roots at the junction of dorsal root ganglion and posterior nerve roots and arise between the endoneurium and perineurium. [10]
Arachnoid granulations (also arachnoid villi, and Pacchionian granulations or bodies) are small outpouchings of the arachnoid mater and subarachnoid space into the dural venous sinuses of the brain. The granulations are thought to mediate the draining of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the subarachnoid space into the venous system .
The cysts and cavities (cystic brain lesions) are more likely to be the result of destructive (encephaloclastic) cause, but can also be from abnormal development (malformative), direct damage, inflammation, or hemorrhage. [5] The cysts and cavities cause a wide range of physiological, physical, and neurological symptoms. [6]
A pseudocyst is a cystic lesion that may appear as a cyst on scans, but lacks epithelial or endothelial cells. [4] An acute pancreatic pseudocyst is made of pancreatic fluids with a wall of fibrous tissue or granulation. [citation needed] Pseudocysts may form in a number of places, including the pancreas, abdomen, adrenal gland, and eye.