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The Fatimid Caliphate (/ ˈ f æ t ɪ m ɪ d /; Arabic: ٱلْخِلَافَة ٱلْفَاطِمِيَّة, romanized: al-Khilāfa al-Fāṭimiyya), also known as the Fatimid Empire, was a caliphate extant from the tenth to the twelfth centuries CE under the rule of the Fatimids, an Isma'ili Shia dynasty.
The Fatimid dynasty (Arabic: الفاطميون, romanized: al-Fāṭimiyyūn) was an Arab dynasty that ruled the Fatimid Caliphate, between 909 and 1171 CE. Descended from Fatima and Ali, and adhering to Isma'ili Shi'ism, they held the Isma'ili imamate, and were regarded as the rightful leaders of the Muslim community.
The Fatimid Caliphate (/ ˈ f æ t ɪ m ɪ d /; Arabic: ٱلْخِلَافَة ٱلْفَاطِمِيَّة, romanized: al-Khilāfa al-Fāṭimiyya), also known as the Fatimid Empire, was a caliphate extant from the tenth to the twelfth centuries CE under the rule of the Fatimids, an Isma'ili Shia dynasty.
Ibn 'Ammar then took the title of Amīn ad-Dawla "the one trusted in the empire". [16] This was the first time that the term "empire" was associated with the Fatimid state. [16] Ibn Ammar's rule quickly descended into a Berber tyranny: he immediately began staffing the government with Berbers, who engaged in a virtual pillaging of the state ...
The Fatimid governor of Tripoli fled, and all Kutama in the city were slaughtered. Al-Qa'im led a combined land and naval expedition, laying siege to Tripoli until it capitulated in June 913. Al-Qa'im left one of the principal Kutama generals, Habasa ibn Yusuf, there, to prepare the further eastward expansion of the Fatimid empire. [198]
[47] [20] They are still attested in Fatimid service until the early years of the 11th century, both as slaves (mamlūk s) as well as mercenaries (al-murtaziqa). [47] The Cairo quarter of the Rūm was destroyed in 1009 on the orders of Caliph al-Hakim, possibly also signalling their expulsion from the army at the same time. [20]
The Fatimid dynasty came to power in Ifriqiya (modern Tunisia and northeastern Algeria) in 909.The Fatimids had fled their home in Syria a few years before, and made for the Maghreb, where their agents had made considerable headway in converting the Kutama Berbers to the Fatimid-sponsored Isma'ili branch of Shi'a Islam.
This intervention was a momentous event in the history of the Fatimid regime and Egypt: enfeebled by the constant civil wars, the country now became a prize in the contest between Damascus and Jerusalem, [13] a process that would end with the abolition of the Fatimid Caliphate itself by Saladin in 1171. [14]