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An early D'Arsonval galvanometer showing magnet and rotating coil. A galvanometer is an electromechanical measuring instrument for electric current.Early galvanometers were uncalibrated, but improved versions, called ammeters, were calibrated and could measure the flow of current more precisely.
A moving coil galvanometer can be used as a voltmeter by inserting a resistor in series with the instrument. The galvanometer has a coil of fine wire suspended in a strong magnetic field. When an electric current is applied, the interaction of the magnetic field of the coil and of the stationary magnet creates a torque, tending to make the coil ...
A 19th century version of a voltameter. A voltameter or coulometer is a scientific instrument used for measuring electric charge (quantity of electricity) through electrolytic action.
A modern electrometer is a highly sensitive electronic voltmeter whose input impedance is so high that the current flowing into it can be considered, for most practical purposes, to be zero. The actual value of input resistance for modern electronic electrometers is around 10 14 Ω, compared to around 10 10 Ω for nanovoltmeters. [ 9 ]
For example, if the meter is set to a range of 300 V full scale, the meter's impedance will be 6 MΩ. 20,000 Ω/V is the best (highest) sensitivity available for typical analog multimeters that lack internal amplifiers. For meters that do have internal amplifiers (VTVMs, FETVMs, etc.), the input impedance is fixed by the amplifier circuit.
The supply voltage V S is then adjusted until the galvanometer shows zero, indicating the voltage on R 2 is equal to the standard cell voltage. An unknown DC voltage, in series with the galvanometer, is then connected to the sliding wiper, across a variable-length section R 3 of the resistance wire. The wiper is moved until no current flows ...
Voltmeter: Measures the potential difference between two points in a circuit. (Includes: DVM and VTVM) VU meter: Measures the level of AF signals in Volume units Cathode Ray Oscilloscope (CRO) Check transistor
Subsequent designs of ohmmeter provided a small battery to apply a voltage to a resistance via a galvanometer to measure the current through the resistance (battery, galvanometer and resistance all connected in series). The scale of the galvanometer was marked in ohms, because the fixed voltage from the battery assured that as resistance is ...