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Meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS), also known as neonatal aspiration of meconium, is a medical condition affecting newborn infants. It describes the spectrum of disorders and pathophysiology of newborns born in meconium-stained amniotic fluid (MSAF) and have meconium within their lungs.
The syndrome develops in about 20% of human pregnancies continuing past the expected delivery date. [3] Features of post-maturity syndrome include oligohydramnios (a deficiency of amniotic fluid); [4] meconium aspiration (breathing meconium in the amniotic fluid); and macrosomia (being overly large).
Medical staff may aspirate the meconium from the nose and mouth of a newborn immediately after delivery in the event the baby shows signs of respiratory distress to decrease the risk of meconium aspiration syndrome, which can occur in meconium-stained amniotic fluid.
768.3 Fetal distress, during labor, in infant; 768.5 Birth asphyxia, severe; 768.9 Birth asphyxia, unspec. 769 Respiratory distress syndrome; 770 Other respiratory conditions of fetus and newborn. 770.1 Meconium aspiration syndrome
It is associated with complications such as cord compression, abnormal heart rate, fetal acidosis, and meconium amniotic fluid. [10] Meconium aspiration syndrome – Respiratory compromise secondary to meconium present in infant's lungs. [11] Macrosomia – Excessive birth weight, estimated fetal weight of ≥ 4.5 kg.
In both cases of infant respiratory distress syndrome and meconium aspiration syndrome, fetal shunts will remain open due to the high pulmonary vascular resistance until appropriate measures, such as administration of surfactant or mechanical ventilation, are taken to help the infant breathe on its own.
07-30-1996 Treatment of meconium aspiration syndrome in newborn infants; 07-17-1995 Treatment of acute respiratory distress syndrome in adults. 05-23-2006 Prevention of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in premature infants; 10-21-2005 Treatment of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in premature infants.
It is a diagnosis of exclusion as it is a benign condition that can have symptoms and signs similar to more serious syndromes, such as respiratory distress or meconium aspiration. [2] In distinction to transient tachypnea, respiratory distress syndrome is more common in premature infants.