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Three-phase firing (or three-step firing) or iron reduction technique is a firing technique used in ancient Greek pottery production, specifically for painted vases. Already vessels from the Bronze Age feature the colouring typical of the technique, with yellow, orange or red clay and brown or red decoration.
Pieces can be grey, red, or white, painted with iron oxide or decorated with glaze. Shino glaze ( 志野釉 , Shino uwagusuri ) is a generic term for a family of pottery glazes . They tend to range in color from milky white to orange, sometimes with charcoal grey spotting, known as "carbon trap" which is the trapping of carbon in the glaze ...
Raw materials for ceramic glazes generally include silica, which will be the main glass former. Various metal oxides, such as those of sodium, potassium and calcium, act as flux and therefore lower the melting temperature. Alumina, often derived from clay, stiffens the molten glaze to prevent it from running off the piece. [7]
Underglaze transfers are a technique that involves screenprinting or free handing a pattern onto a transfer paper (often rice paper or newspaper) which is then placed, dampened, and burnished onto the surface of a leather-hard piece of clay (similar to how a lick-and-stick tattoo might be applied). [21]
Painted (polychrome) terracotta is typically first covered with a thin coat of gesso, then painted. It is widely used, but only suitable for indoor positions and much less durable than fired colors in or under a ceramic glaze. Terracotta sculptures in the West were rarely left in their "raw" fired state until the 18th century. [34]
Maiolica charger from Faenza, after which faience is named, c. 1555; diameter 43 cm, tin-glazed earthenware Tin-glazed (majolica/maiolica) plate from Faenza, Italy. Tin-glazed pottery is earthenware covered in lead glaze with added tin oxide [1] which is white, shiny and opaque (see tin-glazing for the chemistry); usually this provides a background for brightly painted decoration.
Terracotta flower pots with terracotta tiles in the background Due to its porosity, fired earthenware, with a water absorption of 5-8%, must be glazed to be watertight. [ 11 ] Earthenware has lower mechanical strength than bone china, porcelain or stoneware, and consequently articles are commonly made in thicker cross-section, although they are ...
China painting, or porcelain painting, [a] is the decoration of glazed porcelain objects, such as plates, bowls, vases or statues. The body of the object may be hard-paste porcelain , developed in China in the 7th or 8th century, or soft-paste porcelain (often bone china ), developed in 18th-century Europe.