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The Leitner system [1] [2] [3] is a widely used method of efficiently using flashcards that was proposed by the German science journalist Sebastian Leitner in 1972. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] It is a simple implementation of the principle of spaced repetition , where cards are reviewed at increasing intervals.
SQRRR or SQ3R is a reading comprehension method named for its five steps: survey, question, read, recite, and review.The method was introduced by Francis P. Robinson in his 1941 book Effective Study.
However, many theorists emphasize the differences between the terms "method" and "methodology". [1] [7] [2] [11] In this regard, methodology may be defined as "the study or description of methods" or as "the analysis of the principles of methods, rules, and postulates employed by a discipline".
The Cornell Notes system (also Cornell note-taking system, Cornell method, or Cornell way) is a note-taking system devised in the 1950s by Walter Pauk, an education professor at Cornell University. Pauk advocated its use in his best-selling book How to Study in College. [1] Studies with small sample sizes found mixed results in its efficacy.
A method that is useful during the first interaction with the subject of study is REAP method. This method helps students to improve their understanding of the text and bridge the idea with that of the author's. REAP is an acronym for Read, Encode, Annotate and Ponder. [12] Read: Reading a section to discern the idea.
The method of spaced repetition was first conceived of in the 1880s by German scientist Hermann Ebbinghaus. Ebbinghaus created the 'forgetting curve' - a graph portraying the loss of learned information over time - and postulated that it can be curbed by reviewing such information at several intervals over a period of time. [2]
[1] [2] [3] Although procedures vary between fields, the underlying process is often similar. In more detail: the scientific method involves making conjectures (hypothetical explanations), predicting the logical consequences of hypothesis, then carrying out experiments or empirical observations based on those predictions. [4]
Graph that shows the magnitude of the response of an organism, as a function of exposure (or doses) to a stimulus or stressor (usually a chemical) after a certain exposure time [2] Physiology: Electroencephalogram: Graph that shows voltage fluctuations resulting from ionic current within the neurons of the brain [3] Neuroscience: Electrocardiogram