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Heart attacks happen when these small arteries become blocked and stop supplying blood to the heart tissue, and if this happens for long enough, heart tissue dies. Almost all heart attacks are ultimately a result of endothelial cell dysfunction, which relates to anything that irritates or inflames the slippery inner lining of the artery—the ...
Pain radiates most often to the left arm, but may also radiate to the lower jaw, neck, right arm, back, and upper abdomen. [28] [29] The pain most suggestive of an acute MI, with the highest likelihood ratio, is pain radiating to the right arm and shoulder. [30] [29] Similarly, chest pain similar to a previous heart attack is also suggestive. [31]
The use of additional ECG leads like right-sided leads V3R and V4R and posterior leads V7, V8, and V9 may improve sensitivity for right ventricular and posterior myocardial infarction. In spite of these limitations, the 12 lead ECG stands at the center of risk stratification for the patient with suspected acute myocardial infarction.
The ECG should be done as early as practicable, including in the ambulance if possible. [18] ECG changes indicating acute heart damage include: ST elevation, new left bundle branch block and ST depression amongst others. The absence of ECG changes does not immediately distinguish between unstable angina and NSTEMI. [6]
A resting electrocardiogram (EKG) is an early step in the diagnostic process. [11] An electrocardiogram (EKG) involves the use of electrodes that are placed on the arms, chest, and legs. [29] These sensors detect any abnormal rhythms that the heart may be producing. This test is painless and it helps detect insufficient blood flow to the heart ...
A myocardial infarction, also known as a heart attack, often result in the formation of fibrosis. [2] A myocardial infarction is an ischemic event, or a restriction of blood flow to body tissue, such as by atherothrombosis. [4] Without blood flow to the myocardium, it is deprived of oxygen, causing tissue death and irreversible damage. [5]
Electrocardiography is the process of producing an electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG [a]), a recording of the heart's electrical activity through repeated cardiac cycles. [4] It is an electrogram of the heart which is a graph of voltage versus time of the electrical activity of the heart [ 5 ] using electrodes placed on the skin.
Cardiogenic shock is most commonly precipitated by a heart attack. [4] Treatment of cardiogenic shock depends on the cause with the initial goals to improve blood flow to the body. If cardiogenic shock is due to a heart attack, attempts to open the heart's arteries may help. Certain medications, such as dobutamine and milrinone, improve the ...