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  2. XZ Utils backdoor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XZ_Utils_backdoor

    The malicious code is known to be in 5.6.0 and 5.6.1 releases of the XZ Utils software package. The exploit remains dormant unless a specific third-party patch of the SSH server is used. Under the right circumstances this interference could potentially enable a malicious actor to break sshd authentication and gain unauthorized access to the ...

  3. Common Vulnerability Scoring System - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Vulnerability...

    Proof-of-concept exploit code or demonstration attacks are available, but not practical for widespread use. Not functional against all instances of the vulnerability. 0.9 Functional (F) Functional exploit code is available, and works in most situations where the vulnerability is present. 0.95 High (H)

  4. Backdoor (computing) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Backdoor_(computing)

    A backdoor is a typically covert method of bypassing normal authentication or encryption in a computer, product, embedded device (e.g. a home router), or its embodiment (e.g. part of a cryptosystem, algorithm, chipset, or even a "homunculus computer"—a tiny computer-within-a-computer such as that found in Intel's AMT technology).

  5. Uncontrolled format string - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uncontrolled_format_string

    This led to the first posting in September 1999 on the Bugtraq mailing list regarding this class of vulnerabilities, including a basic exploit. [6] It was still several months, however, before the security community became aware of the full dangers of format string vulnerabilities as exploits for other software using this method began to surface.

  6. Meltdown (security vulnerability) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meltdown_(security...

    Meltdown exploits a race condition, inherent in the design of many modern CPUs.This occurs between memory access and privilege checking during instruction processing. . Additionally, combined with a cache side-channel attack, this vulnerability allows a process to bypass the normal privilege checks that isolate the exploit process from accessing data belonging to the operating system and other ...

  7. Heap spraying - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heap_spraying

    The part of the source code of an exploit that implements this technique is called a heap spray. [1] In general, code that sprays the heap attempts to put a certain sequence of bytes at a predetermined location in the memory of a target process by having it allocate (large) blocks on the process's heap and fill the bytes in these blocks with ...

  8. Bootstrap (front-end framework) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bootstrap_(front-end...

    Otto announced Bootstrap 4 on October 29, 2014. [15] The first alpha version of Bootstrap 4 was released on August 19, 2015. [16] The first beta version was released on August 10, 2017. [17] Otto suspended work on Bootstrap 3 on September 6, 2016, to free up time to work on Bootstrap 4. Bootstrap 4 was finalized on January 18, 2018. [18]

  9. Arbitrary code execution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arbitrary_code_execution

    On its own, an arbitrary code execution exploit will give the attacker the same privileges as the target process that is vulnerable. [11] For example, if exploiting a flaw in a web browser, an attacker could act as the user, performing actions such as modifying personal computer files or accessing banking information, but would not be able to perform system-level actions (unless the user in ...