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This led to more rural-urban migration in the newly liberated countries (Rakodi, 1997), and a stable decline in urbanization growth from 1950 to 1990 in South Africa. From figure 1 one can see that after the end of apartheid in 1990, the urbanization rate grow from 2.29% to 3.41%, while it continues to sink in the rest of Africa.
Sound urban planning, it was argued, would provide the light and air necessary to reduce the risk or even prevent these illnesses. [10] Thus, intra-urban racial segregation was planned into all European colonies in Africa, with the areas for colonists usually the greenest, lushest, and most desirable areas.
Countries fall into four broad categories based on their HDI: very high, high, medium, and low human development. Currently, Seychelles is the only African country that falls into the very high human development category. Somalia has the lowest HDI in both Africa and the world according to the list.
Africa is urbanizing faster than any other continent, [49] and it is estimated that by 2030, more than one billion Africans will live in cities. [50] This rapid urbanization, coupled with the many interlinked and complex challenges as a result of climate change, pose a significant barrier to Africa's sustainable development. [51]
Urban history is a field of history that examines the historical nature of cities and towns, and the process of urbanization.The approach is often multidisciplinary, crossing boundaries into fields like social history, architectural history, urban sociology, urban geography, business history, and archaeology.
Urbanization over the past 500 years [13] A global map illustrating the first onset and spread of urban centres around the world, based on. [14]From the development of the earliest cities in Indus valley civilization, Mesopotamia and Egypt until the 18th century, an equilibrium existed between the vast majority of the population who were engaged in subsistence agriculture in a rural context ...
The establishment of the African Planning Society arose from the realization of the rapid urbanization that was characterizing African cities in the post colonial era. [5] Regardless of the rapid urbanisation, cities in Africa were not being planned well, calling for the strengthening of the planning profession in form of a society.
[3] [11] Sovani suggested that claims of overurbanization in underdeveloped countries stemmed from the perception that rapid urbanization had negative consequences. [8] However, he claimed that there still lacked evidence for the idea that rapid urbanization actually made areas worse off. [8]