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  2. B-theory of time - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B-theory_of_time

    The B-theory of time, also called the "tenseless theory of time", is one of two positions regarding the temporal ordering of events in the philosophy of time.B-theorists argue that the flow of time is only a subjective illusion of human consciousness, that the past, present, and future are equally real, and that time is tenseless: temporal becoming is not an objective feature of reality.

  3. A series and B series - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_series_and_B_series

    The A series is tensed and the B series is tenseless. For example, the assertion "today it is raining" is a tensed assertion because it depends on the temporal perspective—the present—of the person who utters it, while the assertion "It rained on 10 February 2025" is tenseless because it does not so depend.

  4. Kalam cosmological argument - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalam_cosmological_argument

    The origins of the cosmological argument can be traced to classical antiquity, rooted in the concept of the prime mover, introduced by Aristotle.In the 6th century, Syriac Christian theologian John Philoponus (c. 490–c. 570) proposed the first known version of the argument based on the impossibility of an infinite temporal regress, postulating that time itself must have had a beginning.

  5. Endurantism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endurantism

    Endurantism or endurance theory is a philosophical theory of persistence and identity. According to the endurantist view, material objects are persisting three-dimensional individuals wholly present at every moment of their existence, which goes with an A-theory of time .

  6. Four-dimensionalism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four-dimensionalism

    However, instead of identifying the persisting object as the entire set or sum of its temporal parts, the exdurantist argues that any object under discussion is a single stage (time-slice, temporal part, etc.), and that the other stages or parts that comprise the persisting object are related to that part by a "temporal counterpart" relation.

  7. Perdurantism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perdurantism

    Perdurantism or perdurance theory is a philosophical theory of persistence and identity. [1] In metaphysics the debate over persistence currently involves three competing theories—one three-dimensionalist theory called "endurantism" and two four-dimensionalist theories called "perdurantism" and "exdurantism". For a perdurantist, all objects ...

  8. Philosophy of space and time - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophy_of_space_and_time

    Philosophy of space and time is the branch of philosophy concerned with the issues surrounding the ontology and epistemology of space and time.While such ideas have been central to philosophy from its inception, the philosophy of space and time was both an inspiration for and a central aspect of early analytic philosophy.

  9. Temporal parts - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temporal_parts

    In contemporary metaphysics, temporal parts are the parts of an object that exist in time. A temporal part would be something like "the first year of a person's life", or "all of a table from between 10:00 a.m. on June 21, 1994 to 11:00 p.m. on July 23, 1996". The term is used in the debate over the persistence of material objects.