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The effects of tamoxifen on breast cancer Ki-67 expression, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels, and IGF-1 levels are dose-dependent across a dosage range of 1 to 20 mg/day in women with breast cancer. [84] Tamoxifen has been found to decrease insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) levels by 17 to 38% in women and men. [85] Suppression of ...
One of the largest breast cancer prevention studies ever, [2] it included 22,000 women in 400 medical centers in the United States and Canada. [3] [4] [5] The study concluded that raloxifene caused fewer side-effects and less endometrial cancer than tamoxifen.
Tamoxifen is a pure antiestrogenic trans-isomer and has differential actions at estrogen target tissues throughout the body. Tamoxifen is selectively antiestrogenic in the breast but estrogen-like in bones and endometrial cancer. [24] Tamoxifen undergo phase I metabolism in the liver by microsomal cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes.
Oral exemestane 25 mg/day for 2–3 years of adjuvant therapy was generally more effective than 5 years of continuous adjuvant tamoxifen in the treatment of postmenopausal women with early-stage estrogen receptor-positive/unknown receptor status breast in a large well-designed [citation needed] trial. Preliminary data from the open-label TEAM ...
Toremifene appears to be safer than tamoxifen. [15] It has a lower risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) (e.g., pulmonary embolism), stroke, and cataracts. [15] The lower risk of VTE may be related to the fact tamoxifen decreases levels of the antithrombin III to a significantly greater extent than either 60 or 200 mg/day toremifene. [15]
N-Desmethyltamoxifen (developmental code name ICI-55,548) is a major metabolite of tamoxifen, a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM). [1] [2] N-Desmethyltamoxifen is further metabolized into endoxifen (4-hydroxy-N-desmethyltamoxifen), which is thought to be the major active form of tamoxifen in the body.
0.5–5 mg/day Various: Estrogen: SC implant: 50–200 mg every 6–24 mos Estradiol valerate: Progynova: Estrogen: Oral: 2–10 mg/day Progynova: Estrogen: Sublingual: 1–8 mg/day Delestrogen [c] Estrogen: IM, SC: 2–10 mg/wk or 5–20 mg every 2 wks Estradiol cypionate: Depo-Estradiol: Estrogen: IM, SC: 2–10 mg/wk or 5–20 mg every 2 wks ...
The median effective dose is the dose that produces a quantal effect (all or nothing) in 50% of the population that takes it (median referring to the 50% population base). [6] It is also sometimes abbreviated as the ED 50, meaning "effective dose for 50% of the population". The ED50 is commonly used as a measure of the reasonable expectancy of ...