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The composition of the braids σ and τ is written as στ.. The set of all braids on four strands is denoted by .The above composition of braids is indeed a group operation. . The identity element is the braid consisting of four parallel horizontal strands, and the inverse of a braid consists of that braid which "undoes" whatever the first braid did, which is obtained by flipping a diagram ...
James Braid in the nineteenth century saw fixing the eyes on a bright object as the key to hypnotic induction. [3]A century later, Sigmund Freud saw fixing the eyes, or listening to a monotonous sound as indirect methods of induction, as opposed to “the direct methods of influence by way of staring or stroking” [4] —all leading however to the same result, the subject's unconscious ...
Pages in category "Braid groups" The following 14 pages are in this category, out of 14 total. This list may not reflect recent changes. ...
Group dynamics is a system of behaviors and psychological processes occurring within a social group (intragroup dynamics), or between social groups (intergroup dynamics). The study of group dynamics can be useful in understanding decision-making behaviour, tracking the spread of diseases in society, creating effective therapy techniques, and ...
Social identity is the portion of an individual's self-concept derived from perceived membership in a relevant social group. [1] [2]As originally formulated by social psychologists Henri Tajfel and John Turner in the 1970s and the 1980s, [3] social identity theory introduced the concept of a social identity as a way in which to explain intergroup behaviour.
They are closely related with Coxeter groups. Examples are free groups, free abelian groups, braid groups, and right-angled Artin–Tits groups, among others. The groups are named after Emil Artin, due to his early work on braid groups in the 1920s to 1940s, [1] and Jacques Tits who developed the theory of a more general class of groups in the ...
The category of representations of a group (or a Lie algebra) is a symmetric monoidal category where () =. The category of representations of a quantized universal enveloping algebra U q ( g ) {\displaystyle U_{q}({\mathfrak {g}})} is a braided monoidal category, where γ {\displaystyle \gamma } is constructed using the universal R -matrix .
The principles of grouping (or Gestalt laws of grouping) are a set of principles in psychology, first proposed by Gestalt psychologists to account for the observation that humans naturally perceive objects as organized patterns and objects, a principle known as Prägnanz.